The 99 Names of Allah (Asma' al-Husna)
#### 1. Mercy and Compassion
These names emphasize Allah's benevolence, forgiveness, and kindness.
- Root: ر ح م (R-Ḥ-M) – Related to mercy and compassion
- الرَّحْمَنُ (Ar-Raḥmān): The All-Beneficent
- الرَّحِيمُ (Ar-Raḥīm): The Most Merciful
- Root: غ ف ر (Gh-F-R) – Related to forgiveness and covering sins
- الْغَفَّارُ (Al-Ghaffār): The Forgiving
- الْغَفُورُ (Al-Ghafūr): The All-Forgiving
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- العَفُوُّ (Al-‘Afūw): The Pardoner (Root: ع ف و – ʿ-F-W)
- الرَّؤُوفُ (Ar-Ra’ūf): The Clement, The Compassionate (Root: ر أ ف – R-ʾ-F)
- التَّوَابُ (At-Tawwāb): The Accepter of Repentance (Root: ت و ب – T-W-B)
- الْحَلِيمُ (Al-Ḥalīm): The Forbearing (Root: ح ل م – Ḥ-L-M)
- الْوَدُودُ (Al-Wadūd): The Loving One (Root: و د د – W-D-D)
- الْبَرُّ (Al-Barr): The Source of All Goodness (Root: ب ر ر – B-R-R)
#### 2. Power and Might
These names highlight Allah's strength, dominance, and control.
- Root: ق د ر (Q-D-R) – Related to power and ability
- الْقَادِرُ (Al-Qādir): The All-Powerful
- الْمُقْتَدِرُ (Al-Muqtadir): The Creator of All Power
- Root: ق ه ر (Q-H-R) – Related to subduing and overwhelming
- الْقَهَّارُ (Al-Qahhār): The Subduer
- الْجَبَّارُ (Al-Jabbār): The Compeller, The Restorer (Root: ج ب ر – J-B-R, related to compelling restoration)
- Root: ع ز ز (ʿ-Z-Z) – Related to might and honor
- الْعَزِيزُ (Al-‘Azīz): The All-Mighty
- Root: ق و ي (Q-W-Y) – Related to strength
- الْقَوِيُّ (Al-Qawī): The Possessor of All Strength
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْمَتِينُ (Al-Matīn): The Firm, The Steadfast (Root: م ت ن – M-T-N)
#### 3. Knowledge and Awareness
These names focus on Allah's omniscience, perception, and wisdom.
- Root: ع ل م (ʿ-L-M) – Related to knowledge
- اَلْعَلِيْمُ (Al-‘Alīm): The All-Knowing
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- السَّمِيعُ (As-Samī‘): The All-Hearing (Root: س م ع – S-M-ʿ)
- الْبَصِيرُ (Al-Baṣīr): The All-Seeing (Root: ب ص ر – B-Ṣ-R)
- الْخَبِيرُ (Al-Khabīr): The All-Aware (Root: خ ب ر – Kh-B-R)
- الرَّقِيبُ (Ar-Raqīb): The Watchful One (Root: ر ق ب – R-Q-B)
- الْحَكِيمُ (Al-Ḥakīm): The Perfectly Wise (Root: ح ك م – Ḥ-K-M)
- اللَّطِيفُ (Al-Laṭīf): The Subtle One (Root: ل ط ف – L-Ṭ-F)
#### 4. Holiness and Perfection
These names underscore Allah's purity, peace, and flawlessness.
- Unique roots
- الْقُدُّوسُ (Al-Quddūs): The Most Holy (Root: ق د س – Q-D-S)
- السَّلاَمُ (As-Salām): The Source of Peace (Root: س ل م – S-L-M)
- الْمُؤْمِنُ (Al-Mu’min): The Guardian of Faith (Root: أ م ن – ʾ-M-N)
- الْمُهَيْمِنُ (Al-Muhaymin): The Protector, The Guardian (Root: ه ي م – H-Y-M)
- الْمُتَكَبِّرُ (Al-Mutakabbir): The Supreme, The Majestic (Root: ك ب ر – K-B-R)
#### 5. Sovereignty and Majesty
These names reflect Allah's kingship, glory, and generosity.
- Root: م ل ك (M-L-K) – Related to sovereignty and ownership
- الْمَلِكُ (Al-Malik): The King, The Sovereign
- مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ (Mālik-ul-Mulk): The Owner of All Sovereignty
- Root: ك ر م (K-R-M) – Related to generosity and nobility
- الْكَرِيمُ (Al-Karīm): The Generous
- Root: ج ل ل (J-L-L) – Related to majesty
- الْجَلِيلُ (Al-Jalīl): The Majestic
- ذُو الْجَلاَلِ وَالإِكْرَامِ (Dhūl-Jalāli wal-Ikrām): The Lord of Majesty and Bounty
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْعَظِيمُ (Al-‘Aẓīm): The Magnificent (Root: ع ظ م – ʿ-Ẓ-M)
- الْمَجِيدُ (Al-Majīd): The Majestic Glory (Root: م ج د – M-J-D)
- الْمَاجِدُ (Al-Mājid): The Glorious (Root: م ج د – M-J-D, shared with above)
- الْحَمِيدُ (Al-Ḥamīd): The Praised One (Root: ح م د – Ḥ-M-D)
#### 6. Exaltation and Greatness
These names denote Allah's elevated status and grandeur.
- Root: ع ل و (ʿ-L-W) – Related to height and exaltation
- الْعَلِيُّ (Al-‘Alī): The Most High
- الْمُتَعَالِي (Al-Muta‘ālī): The Self-Exalted
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْكَبِيرُ (Al-Kabīr): The Greatest (Root: ك ب ر – K-B-R)
#### 7. Guardianship and Protection
These names describe Allah's role as protector and sustainer.
- Root: ح ف ظ (Ḥ-F-Ẓ) – Related to preservation
- الْحَفِيظُ (Al-Ḥafīẓ): The Preserver
- Root: و ل ي (W-L-Y) – Related to friendship and protection
- الْوَلِيُّ (Al-Walī): The Protecting Friend
- الْوَالِي (Al-Wālī): The Patron
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْوَكِيلُ (Al-Wakīl): The Trustee (Root: و ك ل – W-K-L)
- المُقيِت (Al-Muqīt): The Nourisher (Root: ق و ت – Q-W-T)
#### 8. Creation and Origination
These names pertain to Allah's role in creating and shaping existence.
- Root: خ ل ق (Kh-L-Q) – Related to creation
- الْخَالِقُ (Al-Khāliq): The Creator
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْبَارِئُ (Al-Bāri’): The Maker of Order (Root: ب ر أ – B-R-ʾ)
- الْمُصَوِّرُ (Al-Muṣawwir): The Fashioner of Forms (Root: ص و ر – Ṣ-W-R)
- الْبَدِيعُ (Al-Badī‘): The Incomparable Originator (Root: ب د ع – B-D-ʿ)
- الْمُبْدِئُ (Al-Mubdi’): The Originator (Root: ب د أ – B-D-ʾ)
- الْمُعِيدُ (Al-Mu‘īd): The Restorer (Root: ع و د – ʿ-W-D)
#### 9. Provision and Bounty
These names relate to Allah's giving, sustaining, and enriching.
- Root: ر ز ق (R-Z-Q) – Related to provision
- الرَّزَّاقُ (Ar-Razzāq): The Sustainer, The Provider
- Root: غ ن ي (Gh-N-Y) – Related to richness and self-sufficiency
- الْغَنِيُّ (Al-Ghanī): The Rich, The Self-Sufficient
- الْمُغْنِي (Al-Mughnī): The Enricher
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْوَهَّابُ (Al-Wahhāb): The Giver of All (Root: و ه ب – W-H-B)
- الْفَتَّاحُ (Al-Fattāḥ): The Opener, The Judge (Root: ف ت ح – F-T-Ḥ)
- اَلْمَانِعُ (Al-Māni‘): The Withholder (Root: م ن ع – M-N-ʿ)
- الْوَاسِعُ (Al-Wāsi‘): The All-Encompassing (Root: و س ع – W-S-ʿ)
#### 10. Justice and Judgment
These names emphasize fairness, reckoning, and retribution.
- Root: ح س ب (Ḥ-S-B) – Related to accounting
- الْحسِيبُ (Al-Ḥasīb): The Accounter
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْحَكَمُ (Al-Ḥakam): The Judge (Root: ح ك م – Ḥ-K-M, shared with wisdom)
- الْعَدْلُ (Al-‘Adl): The Utterly Just (Root: ع د ل – ʿ-D-L)
- الْمُقْسِطُ (Al-Muqsiṭ): The Equitable One (Root: ق س ط – Q-S-Ṭ)
- الْمُنْتَقِمُ (Al-Muntaqim): The Avenger (Root: ن ق م – N-Q-M)
#### 11. Life, Death, and Resurrection
These names cover giving life, causing death, and reviving.
- Root: ح ي ي (Ḥ-Y-Y) – Related to life
- الْمُحْيِي (Al-Muḥyī): The Giver of Life
- الْحَيُّ (Al-Ḥayy): The Ever-Living
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- اَلْمُمِيتُ (Al-Mumīt): The Taker of Life (Root: م و ت – M-W-T)
- الْبَاعِثُ (Al-Bā‘ith): The Resurrector (Root: ب ع ث – B-ʿ-Th)
#### 12. Eternity and Manifestation
These names address timelessness, visibility, and hidden aspects.
- Unique roots
- الأوَّلُ (Al-Awwal): The First (Root: أ و ل – ʾ-W-L)
- الآخِرُ (Al-Ākhir): The Last (Root: أ خ ر – ʾ-Kh-R)
- الظَّاهِرُ (Aẓ-Ẓāhir): The Manifest (Root: ظ ه ر – Ẓ-H-R)
- الْبَاطِنُ (Al-Bāṭin): The Hidden (Root: ب ط ن – B-Ṭ-N)
- اَلْبَاقِي (Al-Bāqī): The Everlasting (Root: ب ق ي – B-Q-Y)
- الْوَارِثُ (Al-Wārith): The Ultimate Inheritor (Root: و ر ث – W-R-Th)
- الْقَيُّومُ (Al-Qayyūm): The Self-Existing One (Root: ق و م – Q-W-M)
#### 13. Guidance and Patience
These names involve directing humanity and forbearance.
- Unique roots
- الْهَادِي (Al-Hādī): The Guide (Root: ه د ي – H-D-Y)
- الرَّشِيدُ (Ar-Rashīd): The Guide to the Right Path (Root: ر ش د – R-Sh-D)
- الصَّبُورُ (Aṣ-Ṣabūr): The Patient (Root: ص ب ر – Ṣ-B-R)
#### 14. Constriction and Expansion
These names relate to withholding, expanding, abasing, and exalting.
- Unique roots
- الْقَابِضُ (Al-Qābiḍ): The Constrictor (Root: ق ب ض – Q-B-Ḍ)
- الْبَاسِطُ (Al-Bāsiṭ): The Expander (Root: ب س ط – B-S-Ṭ)
- الْخَافِضُ (Al-Khāfiḍ): The Abaser (Root: خ ف ض – Kh-F-Ḍ)
- الرَّافِعُ (Ar-Rāfi‘): The Exalter (Root: ر ف ع – R-F-ʿ)
- الْمُعِزُّ (Al-Mu‘izz): The Bestower of Honors (Root: ع ز ز – ʿ-Z-Z, shared with power)
- المُذِلُّ (Al-Mudhill): The Humiliator (Root: ذ ل ل – Dh-L-L)
- الضَّارَّ (Aḍ-Ḍārr): The Distresser (Root: ض ر ر – Ḍ-R-R)
- النَّافِعُ (An-Nāfi‘): The Benefactor (Root: ن ف ع – N-F-ʿ)
#### 15. Oneness and Absoluteness
These names affirm Allah's unity and independence.
- Root: أ ح د (ʾ-Ḥ-D) – Related to oneness
- الْوَاحِدُ (Al-Wāḥid): The One, The Unique
- اَلاَحَدُ (Al-Aḥad): The One, The Indivisible
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الصَّمَدُ (Aṣ-Ṣamad): The Eternal, The Absolute (Root: ص م د – Ṣ-M-D)
#### 16. Witnessing and Truth
These names involve observation, truth, and appraisal.
- Unique roots
- الشَّهِيدُ (Ash-Shahīd): The Witness (Root: ش ه د – Sh-H-D)
- الْحَقُّ (Al-Ḥaqq): The Truth (Root: ح ق ق – Ḥ-Q-Q)
- الْمُحْصِي (Al-Muḥṣī): The Appraiser (Root: ح ص ي – Ḥ-Ṣ-Y)
- الْجَامِعُ (Al-Jāmi‘): The Gatherer (Root: ج م ع – J-M-ʿ)
#### 17. Response and Appreciation
These names cover answering prayers and gratitude.
- Root: ش ك ر (Sh-K-R) – Related to thanks and appreciation
- الشَّكُورُ (Ash-Shakūr): The Appreciative
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْمُجِيبُ (Al-Mujīb): The Responder to Prayer (Root: ج و ب – J-W-B)
#### 18. Light and Perception
These names relate to illumination and finding.
- Unique roots
- النُّورُ (An-Nūr): The Light (Root: ن و ر – N-W-R)
- الْوَاجِدُ (Al-Wājid): The Perceiver (Root: و ج د – W-J-D)
#### 19. Advancement and Delay
These names involve promoting and postponing.
- Unique roots
- الْمُقَدِّمُ (Al-Muqaddim): The Expediter (Root: ق د م – Q-D-M)
- الْمُؤَخِّرُ (Al-Mu’akhkhir): The Delayer (Root: أ خ ر – ʾ-Kh-R, shared with eternity)
The 99 Names of Allah (Asma' al-Husna)
#### 1. Mercy and Compassion
These names emphasize Allah's benevolence, forgiveness, and kindness.
- Root: ر ح م (R-Ḥ-M) – Related to mercy and compassion (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *rḥm- 'womb'; Semantic: evolved from maternal affection and protection to divine mercy and compassion; Cognates: Heb. raḥam 'to love, have compassion', Aram. raḥmē 'mercy', Akk. rēmu 'womb, mercy')
- الرَّحْمَنُ (Ar-Raḥmān): The All-Beneficent
- الرَّحِيمُ (Ar-Raḥīm): The Most Merciful
- Root: غ ف ر (Gh-F-R) – Related to forgiveness and covering sins (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *gpr 'to cover'; Semantic: evolved from physical covering or helmet to covering/forgiving sins; Cognates: Heb. kippēr 'to atone, cover', Akk. kapāru 'to wipe off, clean')
- الْغَفَّارُ (Al-Ghaffār): The Forgiving
- الْغَفُورُ (Al-Ghafūr): The All-Forgiving
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- العَفُوُّ (Al-‘Afūw): The Pardoner (Root: ع ف و – ʿ-F-W) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿfw 'to wipe away'; Semantic: evolved from effacing or blowing away to pardoning faults; Cognates: Heb. ʿāfā 'to fly away, vanish')
- الرَّؤُوفُ (Ar-Ra’ūf): The Clement, The Compassionate (Root: ر أ ف – R-ʾ-F) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *rʾp 'to be gentle'; Semantic: evolved from tenderness to compassionate kindness; Cognates: Heb. rāʾap 'to be tender', Aram. rʾap 'to pity')
- التَّوَابُ (At-Tawwāb): The Accepter of Repentance (Root: ت و ب – T-W-B) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *twb 'to return'; Semantic: evolved from turning back to repenting and accepting repentance; Cognates: Heb. šûb 'to turn back', Aram. tûb 'to return')
- الْحَلِيمُ (Al-Ḥalīm): The Forbearing (Root: ح ل م – Ḥ-L-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥlm 'to be patient'; Semantic: evolved from dream/maturity to forbearance; Cognates: Heb. ḥālam 'to be strong, patient', Akk. halāmu 'to cover, be gentle')
- الْوَدُودُ (Al-Wadūd): The Loving One (Root: و د د – W-D-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *wdd 'to love'; Semantic: evolved from affection to loving kindness; Cognates: Heb. dōd 'beloved', Aram. dād 'uncle, beloved')
- الْبَرُّ (Al-Barr): The Source of All Goodness (Root: ب ر ر – B-R-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *brr 'to be pious'; Semantic: evolved from piety/goodness to beneficence; Cognates: Heb. bār 'pure', Aram. barr 'pious')
#### 2. Power and Might
These names highlight Allah's strength, dominance, and control.
- Root: ق د ر (Q-D-R) – Related to power and ability (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qdr 'to be able'; Semantic: evolved from measuring/destining to power; Cognates: Heb. qādār 'to be dark, powerful', Akk. qadāru 'to decree')
- الْقَادِرُ (Al-Qādir): The All-Powerful
- الْمُقْتَدِرُ (Al-Muqtadir): The Creator of All Power
- Root: ق ه ر (Q-H-R) – Related to subduing and overwhelming (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qhr 'to be strong'; Semantic: evolved from forcing to dominating; Cognates: Heb. qāhar 'to be distressed', Aram. qehar 'to conquer')
- الْقَهَّارُ (Al-Qahhār): The Subduer
- الْجَبَّارُ (Al-Jabbār): The Compeller, The Restorer (Root: ج ب ر – J-B-R, related to compelling restoration) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *gbr 'to be strong'; Semantic: evolved from mending bones to compelling/restoring; Cognates: Heb. gābar 'to prevail', Akk. gabāru 'to be strong')
- Root: ع ز ز (ʿ-Z-Z) – Related to might and honor (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿzz 'to be strong'; Semantic: evolved from strength to might/honor; Cognates: Heb. ʿaz 'strong', Aram. ʿazz 'mighty', Akk. ezzu 'fierce')
- الْعَزِيزُ (Al-‘Azīz): The All-Mighty
- Root: ق و ي (Q-W-Y) – Related to strength (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qwy 'to be strong'; Semantic: evolved from physical strength to enduring power; Cognates: Heb. qāwā 'to wait, be strong', Aram. qewī 'strong')
- الْقَوِيُّ (Al-Qawī): The Possessor of All Strength
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْمَتِينُ (Al-Matīn): The Firm, The Steadfast (Root: م ت ن – M-T-N) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *mtn 'to be solid'; Semantic: evolved from loins/back to firmness; Cognates: Heb. mātān 'strong', Aram. metīn 'firm')
#### 3. Knowledge and Awareness
These names focus on Allah's omniscience, perception, and wisdom.
- Root: ع ل م (ʿ-L-M) – Related to knowledge (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿlm 'to know'; Semantic: evolved from marking/sign to knowledge; Cognates: Heb. ʿālam 'to conceal, know', Akk. alāmu 'to know')
- اَلْعَلِيْمُ (Al-‘Alīm): The All-Knowing
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- السَّمِيعُ (As-Samī‘): The All-Hearing (Root: س م ع – S-M-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *šmʿ 'to hear'; Semantic: evolved from hearing to perceiving; Cognates: Heb. šāmaʿ 'to hear', Aram. šemaʿ 'to hear', Akk. šemû 'to hear')
- الْبَصِيرُ (Al-Baṣīr): The All-Seeing (Root: ب ص ر – B-Ṣ-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bṣr 'to see'; Semantic: evolved from insight to vision; Cognates: Heb. bāṣar 'to see, understand', Aram. beṣar 'to see')
- الْخَبِيرُ (Al-Khabīr): The All-Aware (Root: خ ب ر – Kh-B-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḫbr 'to know'; Semantic: evolved from experience to awareness; Cognates: Heb. ḥābar 'to join, know', Aram. ḥabar 'to know')
- الرَّقِيبُ (Ar-Raqīb): The Watchful One (Root: ر ق ب – R-Q-B) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *rqb 'to watch'; Semantic: evolved from neck/waiting to guarding; Cognates: Heb. rāqab 'to wait', Aram. raqeb 'to watch')
- الْحَكِيمُ (Al-Ḥakīm): The Perfectly Wise (Root: ح ك م – Ḥ-K-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥkm 'to judge'; Semantic: evolved from restraining to wisdom/judgment; Cognates: Heb. ḥākam 'wise', Aram. ḥakīm 'wise', Akk. akāmu 'to decide')
- اللَّطِيفُ (Al-Laṭīf): The Subtle One (Root: ل ط ف – L-Ṭ-F) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *lṭf 'to be gentle'; Semantic: evolved from delicacy to subtlety; Cognates: Heb. lāṭap 'to be gentle', Aram. laṭef 'subtle')
#### 4. Holiness and Perfection
These names underscore Allah's purity, peace, and flawlessness.
- Unique roots
- الْقُدُّوسُ (Al-Quddūs): The Most Holy (Root: ق د س – Q-D-S) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qds 'holy'; Semantic: evolved from separated to sacred; Cognates: Heb. qādoš 'holy', Aram. qaddiš 'holy', Akk. qadāšu 'pure')
- السَّلاَمُ (As-Salām): The Source of Peace (Root: س ل م – S-L-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *šlm 'peace'; Semantic: evolved from wholeness to peace; Cognates: Heb. šālôm 'peace', Aram. šlām 'peace', Akk. šalāmu 'to be complete')
- الْمُؤْمِنُ (Al-Mu’min): The Guardian of Faith (Root: أ م ن – ʾ-M-N) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʾmn 'to be firm'; Semantic: evolved from faithfulness to security; Cognates: Heb. ʾāman 'to believe', Aram. ʾamīn 'faithful', Akk. emēnu 'to trust')
- الْمُهَيْمِنُ (Al-Muhaymin): The Protector, The Guardian (Root: ه ي م – H-Y-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *hym 'to protect'; Semantic: evolved from dominating to guarding; Cognates: Heb. hēm 'to be hot, protect', Aram. hayman 'to dominate')
- الْمُتَكَبِّرُ (Al-Mutakabbir): The Supreme, The Majestic (Root: ك ب ر – K-B-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *kbr 'to be great'; Semantic: evolved from greatness to supremacy; Cognates: Heb. kābar 'great', Aram. kabbar 'mighty', Akk. kabāru 'great')
#### 5. Sovereignty and Majesty
These names reflect Allah's kingship, glory, and generosity.
- Root: م ل ك (M-L-K) – Related to sovereignty and ownership (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *mlk 'to rule'; Semantic: evolved from possessing to kingship; Cognates: Heb. melek 'king', Aram. malk 'king', Akk. malku 'prince')
- الْمَلِكُ (Al-Malik): The King, The Sovereign
- مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ (Mālik-ul-Mulk): The Owner of All Sovereignty
- Root: ك ر م (K-R-M) – Related to generosity and nobility (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *krm 'to be generous'; Semantic: evolved from vine/noble to generosity; Cognates: Heb. kerem 'vineyard', Aram. karam 'to be noble')
- الْكَرِيمُ (Al-Karīm): The Generous
- Root: ج ل ل (J-L-L) – Related to majesty (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *gll 'to be great'; Semantic: evolved from rolling to majesty; Cognates: Heb. gālal 'to roll, be great', Aram. gall 'to exalt')
- الْجَلِيلُ (Al-Jalīl): The Majestic
- ذُو الْجَلاَلِ وَالإِكْرَامِ (Dhūl-Jalāli wal-Ikrām): The Lord of Majesty and Bounty
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْعَظِيمُ (Al-‘Aẓīm): The Magnificent (Root: ع ظ م – ʿ-Ẓ-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿẓm 'to be great'; Semantic: evolved from bone/strength to magnificence; Cognates: Heb. ʿāṣam 'mighty', Aram. ʿaẓīm 'great', Akk. eṣēmu 'bone')
- الْمَجِيدُ (Al-Majīd): The Majestic Glory (Root: م ج د – M-J-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *mgd 'to be glorious'; Semantic: evolved from nobility to glory; Cognates: Heb. megēd 'splendor', Aram. magd 'glory')
- الْمَاجِدُ (Al-Mājid): The Glorious (Root: م ج د – M-J-D, shared with above)
- الْحَمِيدُ (Al-Ḥamīd): The Praised One (Root: ح م د – Ḥ-M-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥmd 'to praise'; Semantic: evolved from desirable to praiseworthy; Cognates: Heb. ḥāmad 'to desire', Aram. ḥemed 'praise')
#### 6. Exaltation and Greatness
These names denote Allah's elevated status and grandeur.
- Root: ع ل و (ʿ-L-W) – Related to height and exaltation (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿlw 'to be high'; Semantic: evolved from above to exalted; Cognates: Heb. ʿālā 'to ascend', Aram. ʿalā 'high', Akk. elû 'high')
- الْعَلِيُّ (Al-‘Alī): The Most High
- الْمُتَعَالِي (Al-Muta‘ālī): The Self-Exalted
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْكَبِيرُ (Al-Kabīr): The Greatest (Root: ك ب ر – K-B-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *kbr 'to be great'; Semantic: evolved from greatness to supremacy; Cognates: Heb. kābar 'great', Aram. kabbar 'mighty', Akk. kabāru 'great')
#### 7. Guardianship and Protection
These names describe Allah's role as protector and sustainer.
- Root: ح ف ظ (Ḥ-F-Ẓ) – Related to preservation (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥpẓ 'to guard'; Semantic: evolved from protecting to preserving; Cognates: Heb. ḥāfaẓ 'to desire, protect', Aram. ḥafaẓ 'to guard')
- الْحَفِيظُ (Al-Ḥafīẓ): The Preserver
- Root: و ل ي (W-L-Y) – Related to friendship and protection (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *wly 'to be near'; Semantic: evolved from closeness to patronage; Cognates: Heb. wālāh 'to join', Aram. walī 'ally')
- الْوَلِيُّ (Al-Walī): The Protecting Friend
- الْوَالِي (Al-Wālī): The Patron
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْوَكِيلُ (Al-Wakīl): The Trustee (Root: و ك ل – W-K-L) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *wkl 'to entrust'; Semantic: evolved from relying to trusteeship; Cognates: Heb. yākōl 'to be able', Aram. wakīl 'agent')
- المُقيِت (Al-Muqīt): The Nourisher (Root: ق و ت – Q-W-T) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qwt 'to feed'; Semantic: evolved from sustenance to nourishing; Cognates: Heb. qût 'to loathe, sustain', Aram. qût 'food')
#### 8. Creation and Origination
These names pertain to Allah's role in creating and shaping existence.
- Root: خ ل ق (Kh-L-Q) – Related to creation (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḫlq 'to create'; Semantic: evolved from measuring to creating; Cognates: Heb. ḥālaq 'to divide, create', Aram. ḫalaq 'to create')
- الْخَالِقُ (Al-Khāliq): The Creator
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْبَارِئُ (Al-Bāri’): The Maker of Order (Root: ب ر أ – B-R-ʾ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *brʾ 'to create'; Semantic: evolved from shaping to originating; Cognates: Heb. bārāʾ 'to create', Aram. berā 'to create')
- الْمُصَوِّرُ (Al-Muṣawwir): The Fashioner of Forms (Root: ص و ر – Ṣ-W-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ṣwr 'to form'; Semantic: evolved from picturing to shaping; Cognates: Heb. ṣāwar 'to form', Aram. ṣawar 'to shape')
- الْبَدِيعُ (Al-Badī‘): The Incomparable Originator (Root: ب د ع – B-D-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bdʿ 'to invent'; Semantic: evolved from separating to originating; Cognates: Heb. bādaʿ 'to invent', Aram. bdaʿ 'to fabricate')
- الْمُبْدِئُ (Al-Mubdi’): The Originator (Root: ب د أ – B-D-ʾ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bdʾ 'to begin'; Semantic: evolved from starting to originating; Cognates: Heb. bādʾ 'to begin', Aram. bda 'to start')
- الْمُعِيدُ (Al-Mu‘īd): The Restorer (Root: ع و د – ʿ-W-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿwd 'to return'; Semantic: evolved from repeating to restoring; Cognates: Heb. ʿûd 'to repeat', Aram. ʿûd 'to return')
#### 9. Provision and Bounty
These names relate to Allah's giving, sustaining, and enriching.
- Root: ر ز ق (R-Z-Q) – Related to provision (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *rzq 'to provide'; Semantic: evolved from portion to sustenance; Cognates: Heb. rāzaq 'to provide', Aram. raza q 'provision')
- الرَّزَّاقُ (Ar-Razzāq): The Sustainer, The Provider
- Root: غ ن ي (Gh-N-Y) – Related to richness and self-sufficiency (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *gny 'to be rich'; Semantic: evolved from singing to wealth; Cognates: Heb. gānā 'to sing, be rich', Aram. ganī 'rich')
- الْغَنِيُّ (Al-Ghanī): The Rich, The Self-Sufficient
- الْمُغْنِي (Al-Mughnī): The Enricher
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْوَهَّابُ (Al-Wahhāb): The Giver of All (Root: و ه ب – W-H-B) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *whb 'to give'; Semantic: evolved from giving to bestowing; Cognates: Heb. yāhab 'to give', Aram. yahab 'to give')
- الْفَتَّاحُ (Al-Fattāḥ): The Opener, The Judge (Root: ف ت ح – F-T-Ḥ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ptḥ 'to open'; Semantic: evolved from opening to judging; Cognates: Heb. pētaḥ 'to open', Aram. petaḥ 'to open', Akk. petû 'to open')
- اَلْمَانِعُ (Al-Māni‘): The Withholder (Root: م ن ع – M-N-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *mnʿ 'to prevent'; Semantic: evolved from withholding to protecting; Cognates: Heb. mānaʿ 'to withhold', Aram. manaʿ 'to hinder')
- الْوَاسِعُ (Al-Wāsi‘): The All-Encompassing (Root: و س ع – W-S-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *wsʿ 'to be wide'; Semantic: evolved from spacious to encompassing; Cognates: Heb. wāsaʿ 'to be wide', Aram. wasaʿ 'wide')
#### 10. Justice and Judgment
These names emphasize fairness, reckoning, and retribution.
- Root: ح س ب (Ḥ-S-B) – Related to accounting (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥsb 'to count'; Semantic: evolved from reckoning to accounting; Cognates: Heb. ḥāšab 'to think, count', Aram. ḥašab 'to reckon', Akk. hasābu 'to count')
- الْحسِيبُ (Al-Ḥasīb): The Accounter
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْحَكَمُ (Al-Ḥakam): The Judge (Root: ح ك م – Ḥ-K-M, shared with wisdom) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥkm 'to judge'; Semantic: evolved from restraining to judging; Cognates: Heb. ḥākam 'wise', Aram. ḥakīm 'wise', Akk. akāmu 'to decide')
- الْعَدْلُ (Al-‘Adl): The Utterly Just (Root: ع د ل – ʿ-D-L) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿdl 'to be just'; Semantic: evolved from balance to justice; Cognates: Heb. ʿādal 'to act justly', Aram. ʿadel 'justice')
- الْمُقْسِطُ (Al-Muqsiṭ): The Equitable One (Root: ق س ط – Q-S-Ṭ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qst 'to be fair'; Semantic: evolved from dividing to equity; Cognates: Heb. qāsaṭ 'to be just', Aram. qesaṭ 'justice')
- الْمُنْتَقِمُ (Al-Muntaqim): The Avenger (Root: ن ق م – N-Q-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *nqm 'to avenge'; Semantic: evolved from vengeance to retribution; Cognates: Heb. nāqam 'to avenge', Aram. neqam 'vengeance', Akk. naqāmu 'to avenge')
#### 11. Life, Death, and Resurrection
These names cover giving life, causing death, and reviving.
- Root: ح ي ي (Ḥ-Y-Y) – Related to life (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥyy 'to live'; Semantic: evolved from living to giving life; Cognates: Heb. ḥāyāh 'to live', Aram. ḥayyā 'life', Akk. balāṭu 'to live')
- الْمُحْيِي (Al-Muḥyī): The Giver of Life
- الْحَيُّ (Al-Ḥayy): The Ever-Living
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- اَلْمُمِيتُ (Al-Mumīt): The Taker of Life (Root: م و ت – M-W-T) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *mwt 'to die'; Semantic: evolved from death to causing death; Cognates: Heb. mût 'to die', Aram. mût 'death', Akk. mūt 'death')
- الْبَاعِثُ (Al-Bā‘ith): The Resurrector (Root: ب ع ث – B-ʿ-Th) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bʿth 'to send'; Semantic: evolved from stirring to resurrecting; Cognates: Heb. baʿat 'to arouse', Aram. baʿat 'to send')
#### 12. Eternity and Manifestation
These names address timelessness, visibility, and hidden aspects.
- Unique roots
- الأوَّلُ (Al-Awwal): The First (Root: أ و ل – ʾ-W-L) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʾwl 'first'; Semantic: evolved from beginning to firstness; Cognates: Heb. ʾāwel 'first', Aram. ʾawwal 'first')
- الآخِرُ (Al-Ākhir): The Last (Root: أ خ ر – ʾ-Kh-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʾḥr 'last'; Semantic: evolved from behind to lastness; Cognates: Heb. ʾaḥar 'after', Aram. ʾaḥar 'last', Akk. aḫāru 'back')
- الظَّاهِرُ (Aẓ-Ẓāhir): The Manifest (Root: ظ ه ر – Ẓ-H-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ẓhr 'to appear'; Semantic: evolved from back to manifest; Cognates: Heb. ẓāhar 'to shine', Aram. ẓahar 'to appear')
- الْبَاطِنُ (Al-Bāṭin): The Hidden (Root: ب ط ن – B-Ṭ-N) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bṭn 'belly'; Semantic: evolved from inner to hidden; Cognates: Heb. beṭen 'belly', Aram. baṭnā 'inner', Akk. bitnu 'belly')
- اَلْبَاقِي (Al-Bāqī): The Everlasting (Root: ب ق ي – B-Q-Y) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bqy 'to remain'; Semantic: evolved from remaining to everlasting; Cognates: Heb. bāqā 'to remain', Aram. baqā 'to stay')
- الْوَارِثُ (Al-Wārith): The Ultimate Inheritor (Root: و ر ث – W-R-Th) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *wrth 'to inherit'; Semantic: evolved from succeeding to inheriting; Cognates: Heb. yāraš 'to inherit', Aram. yerat 'heir', Akk. warāšu 'heir')
- الْقَيُّومُ (Al-Qayyūm): The Self-Existing One (Root: ق و م – Q-W-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qwm 'to stand'; Semantic: evolved from standing to self-subsisting; Cognates: Heb. qûm 'to rise', Aram. qûm 'to stand', Akk. qâmu 'to stand')
#### 13. Guidance and Patience
These names involve directing humanity and forbearance.
- Unique roots
- الْهَادِي (Al-Hādī): The Guide (Root: ه د ي – H-D-Y) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *hdy 'to guide'; Semantic: evolved from showing to guiding; Cognates: Heb. hādāh 'to lead', Aram. hadā 'to guide')
- الرَّشِيدُ (Ar-Rashīd): The Guide to the Right Path (Root: ر ش د – R-Sh-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ršd 'to be right'; Semantic: evolved from straightness to right guidance; Cognates: Heb. rāšad 'to be right', Aram. rašad 'correct')
- الصَّبُورُ (Aṣ-Ṣabūr): The Patient (Root: ص ب ر – Ṣ-B-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ṣbr 'to endure'; Semantic: evolved from binding to patience; Cognates: Heb. ṣābar 'to heap up, endure', Aram. ṣabar 'to wait')
#### 14. Constriction and Expansion
These names relate to withholding, expanding, abasing, and exalting.
- Unique roots
- الْقَابِضُ (Al-Qābiḍ): The Constrictor (Root: ق ب ض – Q-B-Ḍ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qbḍ 'to grasp'; Semantic: evolved from seizing to constricting; Cognates: Heb. qābaḍ 'to grasp', Aram. qabaḍ 'to hold')
- الْبَاسِطُ (Al-Bāsiṭ): The Expander (Root: ب س ط – B-S-Ṭ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *bsṭ 'to extend'; Semantic: evolved from spreading to expanding; Cognates: Heb. bāsaṭ 'to stretch', Aram. basaṭ 'to extend')
- الْخَافِضُ (Al-Khāfiḍ): The Abaser (Root: خ ف ض – Kh-F-Ḍ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḫfḍ 'to lower'; Semantic: evolved from humbling to abasing; Cognates: Heb. ḫāfaḍ 'to lower', Aram. ḫafaḍ 'to humble')
- الرَّافِعُ (Ar-Rāfi‘): The Exalter (Root: ر ف ع – R-F-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *rfʿ 'to lift'; Semantic: evolved from raising to exalting; Cognates: Heb. rāfaʿ 'to lift', Aram. rapaʿ 'to raise', Akk. rapāʿu 'to be high')
- الْمُعِزُّ (Al-Mu‘izz): The Bestower of Honors (Root: ع ز ز – ʿ-Z-Z, shared with power) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʿzz 'to be strong'; Semantic: evolved from strength to honoring; Cognates: Heb. ʿaz 'strong', Aram. ʿazz 'mighty', Akk. ezzu 'fierce')
- المُذِلُّ (Al-Mudhill): The Humiliator (Root: ذ ل ل – Dh-L-L) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḏll 'to be low'; Semantic: evolved from lowliness to humiliating; Cognates: Heb. dālal 'to be low', Aram. dall 'humble')
- الضَّارَّ (Aḍ-Ḍārr): The Distresser (Root: ض ر ر – Ḍ-R-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḍrr 'to harm'; Semantic: evolved from harming to distressing; Cognates: Heb. ṣārar 'to distress', Aram. ḍarar 'harm')
- النَّافِعُ (An-Nāfi‘): The Benefactor (Root: ن ف ع – N-F-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *nfʿ 'to benefit'; Semantic: evolved from useful to benefiting; Cognates: Heb. nāfaʿ 'to profit', Aram. nefaʿ 'benefit')
#### 15. Oneness and Absoluteness
These names affirm Allah's unity and independence.
- Root: أ ح د (ʾ-Ḥ-D) – Related to oneness (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʾḥd 'one'; Semantic: evolved from one to unique; Cognates: Heb. ʾeḥād 'one', Aram. ḥad 'one', Akk. edēnu 'one')
- الْوَاحِدُ (Al-Wāḥid): The One, The Unique
- اَلاَحَدُ (Al-Aḥad): The One, The Indivisible
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الصَّمَدُ (Aṣ-Ṣamad): The Eternal, The Absolute (Root: ص م د – Ṣ-M-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ṣmd 'to be solid'; Semantic: evolved from firm to eternal; Cognates: Heb. ṣāmad 'to join', Aram. ṣamad 'eternal')
#### 16. Witnessing and Truth
These names involve observation, truth, and appraisal.
- Unique roots
- الشَّهِيدُ (Ash-Shahīd): The Witness (Root: ش ه د – Sh-H-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *šhd 'to witness'; Semantic: evolved from seeing to testifying; Cognates: Heb. ʿēd 'witness', Aram. sāhēd 'witness')
- الْحَقُّ (Al-Ḥaqq): The Truth (Root: ح ق ق – Ḥ-Q-Q) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥqq 'to be true'; Semantic: evolved from right to truth; Cognates: Heb. ḥōq 'law, truth', Aram. ḥaqq 'right')
- الْمُحْصِي (Al-Muḥṣī): The Appraiser (Root: ح ص ي – Ḥ-Ṣ-Y) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ḥṣy 'to count'; Semantic: evolved from pebbling to appraising; Cognates: Heb. ḥāṣā 'to divide', Aram. ḥaṣī 'to count')
- الْجَامِعُ (Al-Jāmi‘): The Gatherer (Root: ج م ع – J-M-ʿ) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *gmʿ 'to gather'; Semantic: evolved from collecting to uniting; Cognates: Heb. gāmaʿ 'to gather', Aram. gamaʿ 'to collect', Akk. gamāru 'to complete')
#### 17. Response and Appreciation
These names cover answering prayers and gratitude.
- Root: ش ك ر (Sh-K-R) – Related to thanks and appreciation (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *škr 'to thank'; Semantic: evolved from being full to appreciating; Cognates: Heb. šākar 'to hire, thank', Aram. šakar 'to thank')
- الشَّكُورُ (Ash-Shakūr): The Appreciative
- Other names in this theme (unique roots)
- الْمُجِيبُ (Al-Mujīb): The Responder to Prayer (Root: ج و ب – J-W-B) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *gwb 'to answer'; Semantic: evolved from replying to responding; Cognates: Heb. gāwab 'to answer', Aram. gawab 'to reply')
#### 18. Light and Perception
These names relate to illumination and finding.
- Unique roots
- النُّورُ (An-Nūr): The Light (Root: ن و ر – N-W-R) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *nwr 'light'; Semantic: evolved from fire/light to illumination; Cognates: Heb. nēr 'light', Aram. nūr 'fire', Akk. nūru 'light')
- الْوَاجِدُ (Al-Wājid): The Perceiver (Root: و ج د – W-J-D) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *wgd 'to find'; Semantic: evolved from existing to perceiving; Cognates: Heb. yāgad 'to find', Aram. waged 'to exist')
#### 19. Advancement and Delay
These names involve promoting and postponing.
- Unique roots
- الْمُقَدِّمُ (Al-Muqaddim): The Expediter (Root: ق د م – Q-D-M) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *qdm 'to precede'; Semantic: evolved from front to advancing; Cognates: Heb. qādam 'to precede', Aram. qadam 'before', Akk. qadmu 'front')
- الْمُؤَخِّرُ (Al-Mu’akhkhir): The Delayer (Root: أ خ ر – ʾ-Kh-R, shared with eternity) (Etym: from Proto-Sem. *ʾḥr 'last'; Semantic: evolved from behind to delaying; Cognates: Heb. ʾaḥar 'after', Aram. ʾaḥar 'last', Akk. aḫāru 'back')