Bṛhaspati : as the founder of Cārvāka or Lokāyata philosophy.

7:27 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
Aṅgirā, Maharṣi Aṅgirā
generated from the mouth of Brahmā [The Fixed Stars/Universe]
father of Bṛhaspati and Utathya
spiritual master of Lord Śiva
Compiling notes:
"was the leader of the followers of the Atharva Vedas."
Lord Śiva,
husband of Satīdevī and Pārvatī
disciple of Angira
son of Brahma [Shani/Saturn]
younger brother of Narada Muni
'younger' brother of Kasyapa Muni

Bṛhaspati, Āṅgirasa
Note:
"It is said that Dronacarya was his partial incarnation"
Bṛhaspati is the 3r generation from creator Brahma like Zeus.

Bṛhaspati (Sanskrit: बृहस्पति, "lord of prayer or devotion",[1] often written as Brihaspati or Bruhaspati) also known as Deva-guru (guru of the gods), is a Hindu god and a Vedic deity. He is considered the personification of piety and religion, and the chief 'offerer of prayers and sacrifices to the gods' (Sanskrit: Purohita), with whom he intercedes on behalf of humankind.
He is the guru of the Devas (gods) and the nemesis of Shukracharya [Venus], the guru of the Danavas (demons). He is also known as Ganapati (leader of the group [of planets]), and Guru (teacher), the god of wisdom and eloquence, to whom various works are ascribed, such as the Barhaspatya sutras.
He is described as of yellow or golden color and holding the following divine attributes: astick, a lotus and beads. He presides over 'Guru-var' or Thursday.[2]
In astrology, Bṛhaspati is the regent of Jupiter and is often identified with the planet.
The Bārhaspatya-sūtras (a patronymic of Brhaspati), also Lokāyata ("materialistic", "atheistic") sutras were the foundational text of the Cārvāka school of "materialist" (nastika) philosophy.
Probably dating to the final centuries BC (the Mauryan period), these texts have been lost, and are known only from fragmentary quotations. Dakshinaranjan Shastri in 1928 published 60 such verses. In 1959, he published 54 selected verses as Barhaspatyasutram. Shastri was of the opinion that many more fragments could be recovered. Bhattacharya (2002) attempts a new reconstruction, with the caveat that the more verses are listed, the greater the uncertainty that it will be either misquoted or foreign materials included as a part of the text.
Most of the fragments are found in works dated to the Indian Middle Ages, between roughly the 8th and 12th centuries. The extensive 14th century treatise on Indian philosophy by Sayana, the Sarvadarshanasamgraha, gives a detailed account of Cārvāka, but it doesn't quote Cārvāka texts directly, instead paraphrasing the doctrine according to the understanding of a learned 14th century Vedantin. Bhattacharya lists 68 items on 9 pages.

References[edit]

  • Dakshinaranjan Shastri, Charvaka philosophy, Purogami Prakashani (1967)
  • R. Bhattacharya, Carvaka Fragments: A New Collection, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Volume 30, Number 6, December 2002, pp. 597-640.

In Hinduism[edit]


Brihaspati preaching Yudhisthira
DhruvaSaptarishiShaniBṛhaspatiBudhaShukraChandraVivasvanGarbhodaksayi VishnuClick! Dhruva, Saptarishi, Shani, Bṛhaspati, Budha, Shukra, Chandra, Vivasvan, Garbhodaksayi Vishnu
Bṛhaspati attained the position of preceptor of the Devas by performing penances on the banks of Prabhas Tirtha. Lord Shivagranted him this position, as well as his position as one of the Navagrahas (Nine Planets).Bṛhaspati is the son of Rishi Angiras (according to the Rig Veda4.40.1) and Surupa according to the Shiva Purana. He has two brothers named Utathya and Samvartana, and has three wives. His first wife, shubha, gave birth to Bhanumati, Raaka, Archishmati,Mahamati, Mahishmati, Sinivali, and Havishmati, his seven daughters. His second wife, Tara, gave birth to seven sons and a daughter. Through Bṛahspati's third wife, Mamata, he had two sons,Kacha and Bharadwaja.
There is a wide debate whether Kacha was Bṛhaspati's offspring or his brother. But the Mahabharata states that Kacha was his brother. All Brahmins belonging to the Bharadwaja Gotra are believed to be his descendants.

In astrology[edit]


Bṛhaspati with Tara
In Jyotisha (Hindu astrology), Bṛhaspati is the name for the planet Jupiter, which is one of the Navagraha (the nine planets) . He is also known as Guru, Cura and Devaguru. Bṛhaspati is considered to be the most beneficial sign of any of the planets. Bṛhaspati rules over the signs Dhanu (Sagittarius) and Meena (Pisces), he is exalted in Karka (Cancer) and in his fall in Makara (Capricorn). The Sun, Moon and Mars are considered friendly to Bṛhaspati, Mercury is hostile and Saturn is neutral.
Bṛhaspati in Vedic astrology is considered to be of the element ether (space) or Akasha Tattva(i.e. Akasha = Space/Sky/Aether; Tattva = Essence/Category/Truth). This element indicates vastness, growth and expansion in a person's life. Bṛhaspati also represents the balance of past karma, religion, philosophy, knowledge and issues relating to offspring. He is concerned with education, teaching and the dispensation of knowledge. Humans with Jupiter dominating in their horoscope could grow fat as life progresses and their empire and prosperity increases; and diabetes is an ailment directly related to this sign. According to traditional Hindu astrology, worship or propitiation of Bṛhaspati or Guru (Jupiter) results in cure from ailments affecting the stomach and helps ward off sins.
Bṛhaspati is lord of three Nakshatras or lunar mansions: Punarvasu, Vishakha and Purva Bhadrapada. The following items are associated with Bṛhaspati: his color is yellow, his metal is gold, and his gemstones are yellow topaz and yellow sapphire. The season associated with him is winter, direction is north-east and his element is ether or space.

Earliest descriptions[edit]

Bṛhaspati is sometimes referred to as the founder of Cārvāka or Lokāyata philosophy. The earliest direct quote from Bṛhaspati's lost writings is found in the text Sarvasiddhantasamgraha, which is sometimes controversially attributed to Adi Shankara. In theSarvasiddhantasamgraha, the author quotes Brihaspati as follows:
Chastity and other such ordinances are laid down by clever weaklings; gifts of gold and land, the pleasure of invitations to dinner, are devised by indigent people with stomachs lean with hunger.
.
The building of temples, houses for water-supply, tanks, wells, resting places, and the like, please only travelers, not others.
.
The Agnihotra ritual, the three Vedas, the triple staff, the ash-smearing, are the ways of gaining a livelihood for those who are lacking in intellect and energy.
.
The wise should enjoy the pleasures of this world through the more appropriate available means of agriculture, tending cattle, trade, political administration, etc.[20]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ Monier-Williams, also "he is the chief offerer of prayers and sacrifices, and therefore represented as the type of the priestly order, and the Purohita of the gods with whom he intercedes for men"
  2. Jump up^ Coleman, Charles. Mythology of the Hindus, p. 133

Divine language: Enochian

11:52 AM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
Divine language, the language of the gods, or, in monotheism, the language of God (or angels) is the concept of a mystical or divine proto-language, which predates and supersedes human speech.

Abrahamic traditions[edit]

Further information: Adamic language
In Judaism and Christianity, it is unclear whether the language used by God to address Adam was the language of Adam, who as name-giver, (Genesis 2:19) used it to name all living things, or if it was a different divine language. But since God is portrayed as using speech during creation, and as addressing Adam before Gen 2:19, some authorities assumed that the language of God was different from the language of Paradise invented by Adam, while most medieval Jewish authorities maintained that the Hebrew language was the language of God, which was accepted in Western Europe since at least the 16th century and until the early 20th century.[1]
The sacred language in Islam is Classical Arabic, which is a descendant of the Proto-Semitic language. Arabic, along with Hebrew and Aramaic, is a Semitic language. It is considered to be sacred, as, in the Muslim view, it is the language by which Allah revealed the final revealed book, the Koran, to Muhammad, Prophet of Islam, through the angelJibril.

Indic traditions[edit]

In Vedic religion, "speech" Vāc, i.e. the language of liturgy, now known as Vedic Sanskrit, was considered the language of the gods.
Later Hindu scholarship, in particular the Mīmāṃsā school of Vedic hermeneutics, distinguished Vāc from Śábda, a distinction comparable to the Saussurian langue and parole. The concept of Sphoṭa was introduced as a kind of transcendent aspect of Śábda.

Occultism[edit]

In 1510, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa published Book I of his De Occulta Philosophia (translated to English in 1651 as Three Books of Occult Philosophy). Chapter 23 of the book is entitled "Of the tongue of Angels, and of their speaking amongst themselves, and with us" - wherein he states:
We might doubt whether Angels, or Demons, since they are of pure spirits, use any vocal speech, or tongue amongst themselves, or to us; but that Paul in some place saith, If I speak with the tongue of men, or angels: but what their speech or tongue is, is much doubted by many. For many think that if they use any Idiome, it is Hebrew, because that was the first of all, and came from heaven, and was before the confusion of languages in Babylon, in which the Law was given by God the Father, and the Gospell was preached by Christ the Son, and so many Oracles were given to the Prophets by the Holy Ghost: and seeing all tongues have, and do undergo various mutations, and corruptions, this alone doth alwaies continue inviolated.
Later, in chapter 27, Agrippa mentions the Divine Language again:
But because the letters of every tongue, as we shewed in the first book, have in their number, order, and figure a Celestiall and Divine originall, I shall easily grant this calculation concerning the names of spirits to be made not only by Hebrew letters, but also by Chaldean, and Arabick, Ægyptian, Greek, Latine, and any other...
In the late 16th century, the Elizabethan mathematician and scholar John Dee and the medium and alchemist Edward Kelley (both of whom were familiar with Agrippa's writings) claimed that during scrying sessions, a "Celestial Speech" was received directly from Angels. They recorded large portions of the language in their journals (published today as "The Five Books of the Mysteries" and "A True and Faithful Relation..."), along with a complete text in the language called the "Book of Loagaeth" (or "Speech From God"). Dee's language, called "Angelical" in his journals, often known today by the misnomer "Enochian", follows the basic Judeo-Christian mythology about the Divine Language. According to "A True and Faithful Relation..." Angelical was supposed to have been the language God used to create the world, and then used by Adam to speak with God and Angels and to name all things in existence. He then lost the language upon his Fall from Paradise, and constructed a form of proto-Hebrew based upon his vague memory of Angelical. This proto-Hebrew, then, was the universal human language until the time of the Confusion of Tongues at the Tower of Babel. After this, all the various human languages were developed, including an even more modified Hebrew (which we know as "Biblical Hebrew"). From the time of Adam to the time of Dee and Kelley, Angelical was hidden from humans with the single exception of the patriarch Enoch - who recorded the "Book of Loagaeth" for humanity, but the book was lost in the Deluge of Noah.
George William Russell in The Candle of Vision (1918) argued that (p. 120) "The mind of man is made in the image of Deity, and the elements of speech are related to the powers in his mind and through it to the being of the Oversoul. These true roots of language are few, alphabet and roots being identical."
 Divine language.
Enochian
John Dee Ashmolean.jpg
Created byJohn Dee, Edward Kelley
Setting and usageoccult journals
Purposeconstructed languages
  • Enochian
Enochian script
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Enochian is a name often applied to an occult or angelic language recorded in the private journals of John Dee and his colleagueEdward Kelley in late 16th-century England. Kelley was a spirit medium who worked with Dee in his magical investigations. The men claimed that the language was revealed to them by angels. The language is integral to the practice of Enochian magic.
The language found in Dee and Kelley's journals encompasses a limited textual corpus, only some of it with English translations. Several linguists, notably Donald Laycock, have studied Enochian, and argue against any extraordinary features in the language.
Dee's journals did not describe the language as "Enochian", instead preferring descriptors like "Angelical", the "Celestial Speech", the "Language of Angels", the "First Language of God-Christ", the "Holy Language" or "Adamical" because, according to Dee's Angels, it was used by Adam in Paradise to name all things. The term "Enochian" comes from Dee's assertion that the Biblical Patriarch Enochhad been the last human (before Dee and Kelley) to know the language.

Dee's Angelic language[edit]

↑