Book of Enoch

 Summary:

• The Book of Enoch, a text once esteemed by Jews and early Christians, fell into disfavor due to its controversial teachings on fallen angels. Labeled Apocrypha, a term that devolved from "hidden" to "heretical," it was condemned by figures like Filastrius and Rabbi Simeon ben Jochai. This led to the book being banned and lost for a millennium until its rediscovery in Ethiopia in 1773 by James Bruce. The first English translation by Dr. Richard Laurence appeared in 1821. Though attributed to the patriarch Enoch, scholars date its current form to the second century B.C. and its pre-Christian origins were confirmed by the discovery of Enochian texts among the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran. Early Christians accepted it as scripture, with over a hundred New Testament phrases having precedents in Enoch, including the messianic title "Elect One."

• Enoch's prophecies detail a future judgment where the Holy Great One descends upon Mount Sinai, causing universal fear and the earth's very foundations to shake. In this tribulation, the wicked and godless will be removed, but the righteous and elect will be saved, receiving mercy, peace, and light from God. The book contrasts the unwavering, divinely-ordered obedience of creation—the celestial bodies, seasons, and trees—with humanity's disobedience. Mankind, having spoken proud and hard words against God, will face a curse and eternal destruction, their names becoming an imprecation for the righteous. Conversely, the elect are promised wisdom, forgiveness, salvation, and an eternal life of increasing peace and joy, inheriting the renewed earth.

• A central narrative concerns the Watchers, a group of two hundred angels led by Semjaza who lusted after human women. They descended upon Mount Hermon, swearing an oath to take wives and father children, an act for which Semjaza feared he alone would bear the penalty. These unions produced giant offspring, three thousand ells tall, who consumed all human resources before turning on and devouring mankind. The fallen angels also corrupted humanity by teaching forbidden knowledge: Azazel revealed metalworking and cosmetics, Semjaza taught enchantments, and others introduced astrology and knowledge of the elements. The cries of perishing humanity reached heaven, prompting the holy angels Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel to appeal to the Most High.

• The Most High decreed a divine judgment in response to the angels' appeal. Uriel was sent to warn Noah of a world-destroying flood. Raphael was commanded to bind Azazel in the desert of Dudael until the final judgment, while Gabriel was to incite the giants to destroy one another in battle. Michael was instructed to bind Semjaza and his associates for seventy generations. God promised a renewed earth, a "plant of righteousness," where all people would become righteous and live in peace. Enoch was commissioned to deliver this verdict to the fallen Watchers, informing them that their petition for forgiveness was denied and they would be bound to the earth forever, forced to witness their children's destruction.

• Enoch's visions detail his journey through the heavens and the structure of creation. He was lifted by clouds to a crystal house of fire, where he saw the Great Glory on a throne surrounded by ten thousand times ten thousand angels. God rebuked the Watchers through Enoch, contrasting their eternal spiritual nature with their lust for mortal flesh. The giants they fathered are explained to have become evil spirits on earth, destined to afflict humanity until the final consummation. Enoch was also shown the prisons for disobedient stars and fallen angels, the four hollow abodes of the dead, the throne of God on a holy mountain, and an accursed valley for those who speak against the Lord.

• The book's parables describe the final judgment and the revelation of a messianic figure. This figure is called the Righteous One, the Elect One, and the Son of Man, who was chosen and hidden before creation and will sit on a throne of glory to judge all. The kings and mighty of the earth, who trusted in their own riches, will be handed over to the righteous and cast into a fiery abyss. In contrast, the righteous and elect will be saved, dwelling with the Son of Man on a transformed heaven and earth, clothed in garments of glory. The Head of Days, a depiction of God, is seen on a throne of glory, and the books of the living are opened before Him, signifying the final verdict.

• A specific narrative details the miraculous birth of Noah, whose appearance was so extraordinary—with a body white as snow and eyes that lit up the house—that his father Lamech feared he was descended from angels. Lamech's father Methuselah traveled to Enoch, who revealed the child was indeed Lamech's son and was to be named Noah, as he would be the remnant saved from a coming flood. This deluge was decreed as punishment for humanity learning the secret sorceries of the angels. Noah and his descendants were destined to be preserved, while the fallen angels would be imprisoned in a fiery valley whose waters served as both healing for kings and punishment for their spirits.

• The allegorical history of the world is recounted in two major prophecies. The Prophecy of the Ten Weeks divides world history into distinct eras, from Enoch's time through the saving of Noah, the election of Abraham, the giving of the Law, the building of the Temple, the Babylonian Exile, and future events. An extensive Animal Allegory depicts history using animal symbols: a white bull for Adam, fallen stars for the Watchers, a white sheep for Jacob, wolves for the Egyptians, and seventy shepherds for a succession of corrupt rulers. The allegory culminates in the return of the Lord of the sheep, who judges the wicked shepherds and builds a new, greater house for a flock transformed into white bulls, led by a great white bull, the Messiah.

• The book concludes with Enoch's final instructions and prophecies. He details the laws of the heavenly bodies, revealing a 364-day calendar governed by angels, and foretells a time when sinners will cause the cosmic order to be disrupted. He instructs his son Methuselah to preserve his writings for future generations. Other ancient texts corroborate Enoch's story. The Book of Giants expands on the narrative of the Watchers and their defiant offspring. The Testament of Solomon describes how King Solomon controlled the demonic spirits of the dead giants with a divine ring to build his temple. The Bible itself references Enoch's prophetic role and his unique translation into heaven without death, which leads some scholars to identify him and Elijah as the two witnesses of Revelation.

Key Ideas:

• The Book of Enoch was a historically significant and influential text for early Jews and Christians that was later suppressed due to its controversial angelology.

• Its pre-Christian origins, long debated, were confirmed by the discovery of Aramaic fragments among the Dead Sea Scrolls.

• A group of fallen angels, called the Watchers, willingly corrupted humanity by teaching forbidden knowledge and procreating with human women.

• The union of angels and women produced a race of destructive giants, whose disembodied spirits became the evil spirits or demons that plague the earth.

• The book presents a developed concept of a messianic figure, referred to as the "Elect One" and the "Son of Man," who will execute final judgment.

• A detailed and specific celestial calendar of 364 days, governed by a hierarchy of angels, is presented as a divine and unchanging law.

• History is depicted allegorically, foretelling a final judgment where sinners and corrupt rulers are condemned to a fiery abyss.

• The righteous are promised a glorious reward: resurrection, eternal life, and a dwelling place on a renewed and cleansed earth.

• Enoch's unique status as a human who was taken into heaven without dying positions him as a key prophetic figure, possibly one of the two witnesses in Revelation.

• The text provides an origin story for evil, attributing it not to God's creation but to the angelic rebellion and the subsequent forbidden knowledge passed to humans.

Unique Events:

• Theologian Filastrius condemns the Book of Enoch as heresy.

• Rabbi Simeon ben Jochai pronounces a curse upon those who believe in Enoch's teachings.

• Scottish explorer James Bruce rediscovers the Book of Enoch in Ethiopia in 1773.

• The voice from the cloud at Jesus' transfiguration identifies Him as the "Elect One."

• Jude quotes a prophecy directly from the Book of Enoch in his epistle.

• Essenes at Qumran highly valued the book, as evidenced by ten manuscript fragments.

• Two hundred angels, led by Semjaza, swear an oath on Mount Hermon to take human wives.

• Angels teach women charms, enchantments, and the cutting of roots.

• Giants three thousand ells in height are born and consume all of humanity's resources.

• Azazel teaches men to make swords, knives, shields, and use antimony for makeup.

• The four archangels appeal to the Most High on behalf of humanity.

• Uriel is sent to warn Noah, son of Lamech, of the impending flood.

• Raphael is commanded to bind Azazel in a desert called Dudael.

• Gabriel is ordered to make the children of the Watchers destroy each other in battle.

• Michael is commanded to bind Semjaza and his associates for seventy generations.

• Enoch writes a petition for the fallen Watchers, which is ultimately denied by God.

• Enoch is taken in a vision to a crystal house of fire where he sees God's throne.

• God explains that the spirits of the dead giants will become evil spirits on earth.

• Enoch is shown the desolate prison for the stars that transgressed God's commandment.

• Raphael shows Enoch the four hollow abodes for the souls of the dead.

• Michael reveals a fragrant tree whose fruit will be given to the righteous after the judgment.

• The demon Ornias torments the master workman's son during the Temple's construction.

• King Solomon receives a ring with a pentalpha seal from the archangel Michael.

• Solomon interrogates Beelzeboul, Asmodeus, and the 36 Decans.

• Solomon condemns demons to forced labor, quarrying stone and forging metal for the Temple.

• The wind demon Ephippas is commanded to lift the cornerstone of the Temple.

• The infant Noah is born with a body white as snow and speaks to the Lord at birth.

• Lamech, fearing Noah is an angel's son, sends Methuselah to inquire of Enoch.

• Enoch has a vision of heaven collapsing and an allegorical history of the world using animals.

• The animal allegory depicts the Maccabean heroes as lambs with horns.

• The Lord of the sheep judges seventy corrupt shepherds and casts them into a fiery abyss.

• Enoch prophesies a future time when sinners will alter and pervert the words of righteousness.

• A giant Mahaway has a dream-vision of his doom and seeks Enoch's intercession.

• Enoch sends two tablets to the giants: one of doom, one urging repentance.

• Enoch and Elijah are identified as the two witnesses prophesied in Revelation.

Keywords:

• Apocrypha – A Greek term, originally meaning "hidden," applied to sacred books considered too exalted for the public, later used by Church Fathers to label works they deemed heretical.

• Asbeel – One of the fallen angels who gave evil counsel to the holy sons of God, leading them to defile their bodies with human women.

• Asmodeus – A fierce demon interrogated by Solomon, born from an angel's seed and a human daughter.

• Azazel – A leader of the fallen angels who taught humanity forbidden arts, including metalworking and the use of cosmetics.

• Beelzeboul – The prince of demons, whom Solomon summoned and interrogated using his divine ring.

• Behemoth – A great male monster who will occupy a vast desert, to be parted from Leviathan on the day of judgment.

• Book of Giants – A text related to Enoch, found in fragments at Qumran, which expands on the story of the fallen angels and their giant offspring.

• Dead Sea Scrolls – Ancient manuscripts discovered at Qumran which included fragments of the Book of Enoch, proving its pre-Christian existence.

• Dudael – A desert where the angel Raphael was commanded to bind the fallen angel Azazel until the final judgment.

• Elect One – A title for the messianic figure in Enoch's visions, who is chosen by the Lord of Spirits to execute judgment.

• Enoch – The seventh patriarch from Adam, a righteous scribe and prophet who "walked with God" and was taken into heaven without experiencing death.

• Ephippas – A powerful wind demon from Arabia whom Solomon compelled to lift the cornerstone for the Temple.

• Gadreel – A fallen angel who revealed the weapons of death (shield, sword, etc.) to humanity.

• Gabriel – One of the four holy angels, set over Paradise, the serpents, and the Cherubim.

• Giants – The monstrous offspring of the Watchers and human women, described as being three thousand ells tall. Their disembodied spirits became demons after the flood.

• Head of Days – A title for God in Enoch's visions, depicted as an ancient being whose head was white like wool, sitting on a throne of glory.

• Heavenly Tablets – Divine records upon which all the deeds of mankind and future events are written, which Enoch was commanded to read.

• Jeqon – The first of the fallen angels to lead the sons of God astray and cause them to be seduced by human women.

• Kasdeja – A fallen angel who taught humans about wicked smitings of spirits and demons, including harming an embryo in the womb.

• Kasbeel – An angel who revealed a powerful and secret oath to Michael that sustains creation.

• Lamech – The son of Methuselah and the father of Noah.

• Leviathan – A great female monster who will dwell in the abysses of the ocean, to be parted from Behemoth on the day of judgment.

• Mahaway – A giant in the Book of Giants who has apocalyptic dreams and acts as a messenger between the Giants and Enoch.

• Methuselah – The son of Enoch and father of Lamech, to whom Enoch entrusted his writings and prophecies.

• Michael – One of the four holy angels, described as merciful and long-suffering, who acts as a guide to Enoch and is a key agent in God's judgment.

• Mount Hermon – The summit where the two hundred Watchers descended and swore an oath to take human wives.

• Nephilim – The term used for the evil spirits that the Giants became after their physical bodies were destroyed in the flood.

• Noah – The son of Lamech, born with a miraculous appearance, who was chosen by God to survive the great flood and become a remnant on the earth.

• Ohyah and Ahya – Sons of the fallen angel Shemhazah and characters in the Book of Giants.

• Ornias – The first demon Solomon controlled, who was tormenting a young boy working on the Temple.

• Penemue – A fallen angel who taught mankind the art of writing with ink and paper, introducing forbidden wisdom.

• Phanuel – One of the four holy angels, set over the repentance and hope of those who inherit eternal life.

• Qumran – The site where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered.

• Raphael – One of the four holy angels, set over the spirits of men, who was commanded to bind Azazel and heal the earth.

• Semjaza – The primary leader of the two hundred fallen angels, also called Samlazaz or Shemhazah.

• Sheol – The abode of the dead, mentioned as the place where sinners will descend.

• Son of Man – A principal title for the messianic figure in Enoch's parables, who was hidden before creation and revealed for the final judgment.

• Testament of Solomon – A text that details how King Solomon was given a divine ring to control demons (the spirits of the dead Giants) and force them to build his Temple.

• Uriel – One of the four holy angels, set over the world and Tartarus, who revealed the laws of the celestial bodies to Enoch and warned Noah of the flood.

• Watchers – The name given to the order of angels who abandoned their heavenly station, descended to earth, and illicitly procreated with human women.

General Overview

The Book of Enoch, also known as 1 Enoch, is an ancient Jewish apocalyptic religious text. Tradition ascribes it to Enoch, the great-grandfather of Noah. The book contains unique material on the origins of demons and Nephilim, the fall of angels, the moral necessity of the Genesis flood, and prophecies of a messianic millennium. It is distinct from other works attributed to Enoch, such as 2 Enoch and 3 Enoch. The complete text of 1 Enoch survives only in the ancient Ethiopian language of Ge'ez.

Composition and Structure

The book is a composite work made up of five major, distinct sections that scholars believe were originally independent texts later compiled. These sections are The Book of the Watchers, The Book of Parables, The Astronomical Book, The Book of Dream Visions, and The Epistle of Enoch. The oldest parts, such as the Book of the Watchers, are dated to 300-200 BCE, while the latest part, the Book of Parables, is dated to around 100 BCE. It was likely written originally in Aramaic or Hebrew, and while no complete Hebrew version survives, Aramaic fragments of earlier sections were discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Content of the Five Books

The Book of the Watchers narrates the fall of a group of angels called the Watchers. Led by Semiazaz, two hundred of these angels descended to Mount Hermon, where they took human wives. This union produced giant offspring known as the Nephilim, who consumed the earth's resources and ultimately turned against humanity. A fallen angel named Azazel taught humans forbidden knowledge, including weaponry and cosmetics, which led to widespread corruption. In response, the archangels appealed to God, who commanded that Azazel be imprisoned, the Nephilim be incited to destroy one another, and the other Watchers be bound until a final judgment. God also sent the angel Uriel to warn Noah of the coming flood. This section also recounts Enoch's travels through the heavens and the underworld.

The Book of Parables expands on themes of final judgment, affecting both fallen angels and evil earthly kings. It is notable for introducing an eschatological figure called the "Son of Man," who is also referred to as the "Messiah" and "Chosen One." This book is a subject of significant scholarly debate, as it is absent from the Dead Sea Scrolls and survives only in Ethiopic manuscripts. Its dating is contested, though most scholars place it between 50 BCE and 117 CE. Some theories suggest that this section replaced an earlier work known as the Book of Giants.

The Astronomical Book describes the movements of celestial bodies as revealed to Enoch by the angel Uriel. It details a 364-day solar calendar composed of four 91-day seasons. This calendar was different from the lunar calendar used in the Jerusalem Temple and resulted in a perfect 52-week year. It is not known how this calendar was reconciled with the actual length of a tropical year.

The Book of Dream Visions presents a symbolic and allegorical history of Israel from creation to the messianic era. The narrative uses animals to represent people and nations, such as sheep for the faithful and beasts of prey for their enemies. The latter part of the vision is widely interpreted by scholars as depicting the Maccabean Revolt. The book concludes with a final judgment, the establishment of a New Jerusalem, and the advent of a Messiah.

The Epistle of Enoch is a compilation of smaller texts. It includes the "Apocalypse of Weeks," which frames world history in ten periods, an exhortation to righteousness, woes directed at sinners, and an appendix on the birth of Noah.

Manuscript History and Rediscovery

While the most complete manuscript of 1 Enoch is in Ge'ez, fragments have been found in Aramaic at Qumran, as well as portions in Greek, Coptic, Latin, and Syriac. The book was known to early Christian writers but was largely considered lost to the Western world for centuries. In 1773, Scottish traveler James Bruce returned from Ethiopia with three Ge'ez manuscripts, reintroducing the text to Europe. The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the 20th century profoundly advanced the study of the book by providing ancient Aramaic fragments.

Historical Context and Influence

The earliest sections of the book originated in a stream of "Enochic Judaism" that was distinct from the mainstream Mosaic tradition. This tradition was characterized by its focus on the angelic origin of evil, a solar calendar, and a rejection of the Second Temple's sacrificial system. The Book of Enoch was widely read during the Second Temple period and was influential on groups like the Essenes at Qumran. It significantly shaped New Testament doctrines regarding the Messiah, the Son of Man, demonology, and eschatology. The book also played a crucial role in the development of Jewish mystical traditions, particularly Merkabah mysticism.

Canonical Status

Today, the Book of Enoch is considered canonical scripture only by the Beta Israel community of Ethiopian Jews, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It was excluded from the official canons of both Rabbinic Judaism and mainstream Christianity. Despite this, the book is directly quoted in the New Testament's Epistle of Jude, which attributes a prophecy to "Enoch, the seventh from Adam." Other New Testament passages and writings of early Church Fathers like Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria also show familiarity with Enochic material. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints does not include 1 Enoch in its canon but believes its own Book of Moses contains extracts from an original, inspired version of the text.

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The History and Status of the Book of Enoch

The Book of Enoch, also known as 1 Enoch, was once a cherished text among both Jews and early Christians but later fell into disfavor with influential theologians. Its controversial statements regarding the nature and actions of fallen angels led to its condemnation. The book was often labeled as "Apocrypha," a Greek term originally meaning "hidden" or "secret," which was applied to sacred books considered too exalted for the general public. Over time, the term took on a negative meaning, used by some Church Fathers to label works they deemed heretical and forbade from being read.

The book’s teachings on angels particularly angered later Church leaders. One, Filastrius, condemned it as heresy, and in the second century A.D., Rabbi Simeon ben Jochai pronounced a curse on those who believed it. Consequently, the Book of Enoch was denounced, banned, and ultimately lost for a thousand years. It was only rediscovered in 1773 when Scottish explorer James Bruce, following rumors of its survival, traveled to Ethiopia. The Ethiopic church had preserved the text alongside other books of the Bible. Bruce brought three copies back to Europe, and in 1821, Dr. Richard Laurence of Oxford produced the first English translation.

Origins and Authenticity

Scholars generally agree that the present form of the book was written sometime during the second century B.C., likely based on an earlier Semitic text, now thought to be Aramaic. For a time, it was believed to be a post-Christian work due to its striking similarities to Christian teachings. However, the discovery of Enochian texts among the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran proved the book existed before the time of Jesus Christ. While the book is attributed to the biblical patriarch Enoch, who lived thousands of years earlier, its actual origins remain obscure.

Despite questions about its authorship, early Christians accepted the Book of Enoch as authentic scripture, particularly its prophecies about fallen angels and their judgment. Over a hundred phrases in the New Testament have precedents in Enoch, suggesting that Jesus not only studied the book but also respected it enough to adopt its terminology. A key example is the term "Elect One," used frequently in Enoch to describe a messianic figure who would sit on a "throne of glory." In the original Greek of Luke's gospel, the voice from the cloud during the transfiguration identifies Jesus as the "Elect One," directly linking him to the figure prophesied in the Book of Enoch.

Scriptural and Historical Corroboration

The Book of Jude explicitly states that "Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied," and then directly quotes a passage from the Book of Enoch. This reference, written approximately 3400 years after Enoch’s time, strongly implies that written prophecies from Enoch were available to Jude. Further evidence of its acceptance comes from the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas, which quotes Enoch three times and refers to it as "the Scripture," a term reserved for the inspired Word of God.

Fragments of ten Enoch manuscripts were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, indicating the book was highly valued by the Essene community at Qumran, who may have used it as a prayer book or study text. Numerous early church fathers also supported the Enochian writings, including Justin Martyr, Athenagoras, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, and Origen, who referenced its teachings on demons and fallen angels. In the twentieth century, the discovery of Aramaic texts prompted renewed scholarly interest, culminating in J.T. Milik's comprehensive history and translation in 1976. Some scholars believe the prophecies of Enoch’s return may be fulfilled in Revelation 11, where two witnesses, possibly Enoch and Elijah, will appear before the end of the age.

Enoch's Prophetic Blessing

The words of Enoch's blessing are intended for the elect and righteous who will be living in a future time of tribulation, when all wicked and godless people are to be removed. Enoch, a righteous man whose eyes were opened by God, explained that the vision he saw was shown to him by the angels. He understood that this revelation was not for his own generation but for a remote one that is yet to come.

The Coming of the Holy Great One

Enoch's parable foretells that the Holy Great One will come forth from His dwelling, and the eternal God will descend upon the earth at Mount Sinai. He will appear in the strength of His might from the heavens, causing all to be struck with fear. Even the Watchers will quake, and a great trembling will seize everyone to the very ends of the earth.

During this time, the high mountains will be shaken, and the hills will be made low, melting like wax before a flame. The earth will be completely torn apart, and everything on its surface will perish. A judgment will come upon all people, but God will make peace with the righteous.

Salvation for the Elect

The elect will be protected, and mercy shall be upon them. They will all belong to God and will be blessed and prosperous. God will help them, and light shall appear to them as He makes peace with them. The Lord will arrive with ten thousand of His holy ones to execute judgment on all, destroying the ungodly and convicting all flesh of their wicked deeds and the harsh words they have spoken against Him.

The Order of Creation

The works of God demonstrate an unchanging and steadfast order. In the heavens, the celestial bodies follow their orbits, rising and setting in their proper seasons without transgressing their appointed course. On the earth, everything remains constant, from the cycles of summer heat to the winter rains that fill the earth with water, clouds, and dew.

The trees serve as an example of this divine order. While most appear to wither and shed their leaves in winter, fourteen specific trees retain their foliage for two to three years until new leaves appear. They then cover themselves in green leaves and bear fruit in the summer. All of God’s works proceed this way year after year, and even the seas and rivers accomplish their tasks according to His commandments without fail.

Mankind's Disobedience and Judgment

In stark contrast to the obedience of creation, humanity has not been steadfast in following the Lord's commandments. Instead, they have turned away, speaking proud and hard words against His greatness with impure mouths. Because of this, the hard-hearted will find no peace.

A curse is pronounced upon the disobedient: their days will be cursed, and the years of their lives will perish. Their destruction will be multiplied in an eternal abomination, and they will find no mercy. In those days, their names will become an eternal curse for all the righteous, and all sinners and the godless will use their names in imprecations.

The Blessings of the Elect

While sinners face a curse, the righteous and elect will experience a different fate. They will rejoice and receive forgiveness of sins, along with mercy, peace, and forbearance. Salvation and a great light will be theirs, and they will inherit the earth.

The elect will be given wisdom, and they will live forever without sinning through ungodliness or pride. Instead, the wise will be humble. They will not transgress again, nor will they die of anger or wrath, but will complete the full number of their days. Their lives will be increased in peace, and their years of joy will be multiplied in eternal gladness.

The Angels' Pact

As the human population grew, beautiful daughters were born to them. The angels, the children of heaven, saw and lusted for these women, planning to choose wives from among them and father children. Their leader, Semjaza, feared that the others would not follow through with the deed, leaving him to pay the penalty for a great sin alone. In response, all two hundred of the angels swore an oath, binding themselves by mutual imprecations to carry out their plan. They descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, which was named for the oath they swore there.

The leaders of this group included Samlazaz, Araklba, Rameel, Kokablel, Tamlel, Ramlel, Danel, Ezeqeel, Baraqijal, Asael, Armaros, Batarel, Ananel, Zaqlel, Samsapeel, Satarel, Turel, Jomjael, and Sariel.

Corruption and the Birth of Giants

After descending, the angels and their companions each chose a wife and began to defile themselves with them. They taught the women charms, enchantments, the cutting of roots, and made them familiar with plants. The women became pregnant and gave birth to great giants, whose height was three thousand ells. These giants consumed all of humanity's resources, and when men could no longer sustain them, the giants turned against mankind and devoured them.

The giants then began to sin against birds, beasts, reptiles, and fish, devouring one another’s flesh and drinking the blood. Because of this lawlessness, the earth itself laid an accusation against them.

Forbidden Knowledge

The fallen angels introduced forbidden knowledge and corrupt practices to humanity. Azazel taught men to make swords, knives, shields, and breastplates. He also revealed the secrets of metalworking and the use of antimony, beautifying eyelids, costly stones, and coloring tinctures. These teachings led to great godlessness, fornication, and corruption.

Other leaders taught their own forbidden arts: Semjaza taught enchantments and root-cuttings; Armaros, the resolving of enchantments; Baraqijal, astrology; Kokabel, the constellations; Ezeqeel, the knowledge of the clouds; Araqiel, the signs of the earth; Shamsiel, the signs of the sun; and Sariel, the course of the moon. As men perished under this corruption, their cries for help went up to heaven.

The Angels' Appeal to the Most High

The holy angels Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel looked down from heaven and saw the great amount of blood being shed and the lawlessness being committed upon the earth. They heard the cries of the souls of men who had died, whose voices reached the gates of heaven, pleading for their cause to be brought before the Most High. The angels approached the Lord of all ages, acknowledging His glory and power over all things.

They described how Azazel had taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed eternal heavenly secrets, and how Samlazaz and his associates had gone to the daughters of men, defiling themselves with women and revealing all kinds of sins. They pointed out that the women had borne giants, filling the whole earth with blood and unrighteousness. The angels stated that the lamentations of the dead could not cease because of the lawless deeds occurring on earth.

The Divine Judgment is Decreed

In response, the Most High, the Holy and Great One, issued His judgment. He sent the angel Uriel to Noah, the son of Lamech, instructing him to hide and revealing that a great flood was coming to destroy everything on earth. Noah was to be instructed so that he and his descendants could escape and be preserved for all generations.

The Lord commanded Raphael to bind Azazel hand and foot and cast him into the darkness of a desert called Dudael. He was to be covered with rough, jagged rocks and remain there forever with his face covered until the day of the great judgment, when he would be cast into the fire. Raphael was also tasked with healing the earth which the angels had corrupted.

To Gabriel, the Lord gave the command to proceed against the children of the Watchers. He was to send them against one another so that they would be destroyed in battle. They were not to be granted length of days, nor would any requests made by their fathers on their behalf be heard. Michael was commanded to bind Samlazaz and his associates for seventy generations in the valleys of the earth until the day of their final judgment, when they would be led to the abyss of fire and imprisoned forever.

The Promise of a Righteous World

Following this judgment, God promised to destroy all wrong from the face of the earth. The "plant of righteousness and truth" would appear and become a blessing. The righteous would escape, live long lives in peace, and have thousands of children. The entire earth would be tilled in righteousness, planted with trees, and filled with blessings, abundance, and joy.

God declared that all children of men would become righteous, and all nations would worship and praise Him. The earth would be cleansed from all defilement, sin, punishment, and torment forever. In those days, He would open the store chambers of blessing from heaven to send down upon the work and labor of mankind, and truth and peace would be associated together for all time.

Enoch's Commission to the Watchers

Before these things, Enoch was hidden, and his activities were with the Watchers and the holy ones. The Watchers called upon him, "Enoch the scribe," and commanded him to go to the Watchers of heaven who had left their holy, eternal place. He was to tell them that they had wrought great destruction and would have no peace or forgiveness of sin. They would witness the murder of their beloved children and lament their destruction, making supplication for eternity but receiving no mercy or peace.

Enoch went and delivered this message to Azazel and the others. They were all overcome with fear and trembling. They begged Enoch to write a petition for them so they might find forgiveness and to read it before the Lord of heaven, as they were too ashamed of their sins to speak to God themselves. Enoch wrote their petition and read it by the waters of Dan until he fell asleep. He then received a dream and visions of chastisement, with a voice telling him to go and reprimand the heavenly Watchers. When he awoke, he found them all gathered together weeping, and he recounted the vision to them.

The Final Verdict for the Watchers

This is the book containing the words of righteousness and the reprimand for the eternal Watchers, which Enoch was commanded to deliver. Enoch relayed the final judgment he received in a vision: the Watchers' petition for forgiveness would not be granted for all eternity. A final decree was passed upon them, forbidding them from ever ascending into heaven again. Instead, they were to be bound on the earth for all the days of the world. They were also condemned to witness the destruction of their beloved sons, who would fall before them by the sword.

Enoch's Vision of the Heavenly Throne

Enoch recounted the vision in which this judgment was revealed. He was lifted into the heavens by clouds and mists, sped along by stars and lightnings. He came to a wall built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire that terrified him. He entered a large house with crystal walls and floors, its ceiling like the path of the stars with fiery cherubim. The house was as hot as fire and as cold as ice, and fear overcame him, causing him to fall on his face.

Then he saw a second, greater house built entirely of flames, which excelled the first in splendor and magnificence. Inside, he saw a lofty throne that appeared as crystal, with wheels like the shining sun. Streams of flaming fire flowed from beneath it. The Great Glory sat upon the throne, His raiment shining more brightly than the sun and whiter than any snow. No angel or mortal could look upon His face due to His glory. He was surrounded by fire, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him, though He needed no counselor. The most holy ones who were near Him never departed day or night.

The Divine Rebuke

As Enoch lay trembling, the Lord called to him by name and told him to approach and hear His word. A holy one lifted him to his feet. God then commissioned him with a message for the Watchers, beginning with a sharp rebuke: "You should intercede for men, and not men for you." He questioned why they had left the high, holy, and eternal heaven to lie with women, defiling themselves with the daughters of men and begetting giants.

God contrasted their original state as holy, spiritual beings living an eternal life with their new condition. They had defiled themselves with the blood of women and lusted after flesh and blood like mortals who die and perish. God explained that He had given wives to mortal men so that they might have children and that nothing would be wanting on earth. However, the Watchers were spiritual beings whose dwelling was in heaven, and wives were not appointed for them.

The Nature and Fate of the Evil Spirits

The Lord then explained the fate of the giants, who were produced from spirits and flesh. They would be called evil spirits upon the earth, and the earth would be their dwelling. These evil spirits, having proceeded from the bodies of the giants, would afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, and do battle on the earth, causing trouble. They would take no food yet still hunger and thirst, and they would rise up against the children of men and against women, because they proceeded from them. This destruction would continue until the day of the great consummation and judgment.

Finally, Enoch was told to deliver one last message to the Watchers. They had been in heaven, but not all mysteries had been revealed to them. They knew worthless secrets, and in the hardness of their hearts, they had made these known to women, causing great evil to be worked on earth. Therefore, they would have no peace.

Enoch's Journey Through Creation

Angels, who appeared like flaming fire but could take the form of men when they wished, took Enoch and brought him on a journey. They led him to a place of darkness and to a mountain whose summit reached into heaven. There, he saw the places of the luminaries and the treasuries of the stars, thunder, and lightning. He was taken to the living waters and to the fire of the west, which receives every setting of the sun. He came to a river of fire that flowed like water into the great western sea and journeyed to a place of great darkness where no mortal walks.

Enoch was shown the foundations of the world. He saw the mountains of winter darkness, the source from which all the waters of the deep flow, and the mouths of all the rivers of the earth. He was shown the treasuries of the winds, the corner-stone of the earth, and the four winds that support the firmament, which are the pillars of heaven. He also saw the winds that turn the heavens and bring the sun and stars to their setting.

The Seven Mountains and the Fiery Abyss

At the end of the earth, Enoch saw a place that burned day and night, where there were seven mountains made of magnificent stones. Three were to the east and three to the south, made of colored stone, pearl, jacinth, and red stone. The middle mountain, which reached to heaven like the throne of God, was made of alabaster, and its summit was of sapphire. Beyond these mountains was a region at the end of the great earth where the heavens were completed.

Past this region, Enoch saw a deep abyss containing columns of heavenly fire, which fell in measures beyond height or depth. Beyond this abyss was a desolate and horrible place with no firmament above and no solid earth beneath. There was no water and no birds. It was here that Enoch saw seven stars that looked like great burning mountains.

The Prison of the Stars and Angels

An angel explained to Enoch that this desolate place was the end of heaven and earth, and it had become a prison for the stars and the host of heaven. The stars bound there were those who had transgressed the Lord's commandment at the beginning of their rising, failing to come forth at their appointed times. God was angry with them and bound them there for ten thousand years, the time required for their guilt to be consummated.

The angel Uriel then told Enoch that this is also where the angels who connected themselves with women shall stand. Their spirits, assuming many different forms, are defiling mankind and leading them astray to sacrifice to demons. They will remain there until the day of the great judgment, when they will be made an end of. The women of the angels who went astray would become sirens. Enoch stated that he alone saw this vision of the ends of all things, and no other man shall see as he has seen.

The Holy Angels and Their Duties

The names and roles of the holy angels who watch over humanity were revealed.

Uriel is set over the world and Tartarus, the abyss of torment.

Raphael is over the spirits of men, Raguel takes vengeance on the world of the luminaries, and Michael is set over the best part of mankind and over chaos.

Saraqael is set over the spirits who sin in the spirit, Gabriel is over Paradise, the serpents, and the Cherubim, and Remiel is the one whom God set over those who rise.

The Prisons of the Stars and Angels

Enoch was taken to a chaotic and horrible place where he saw seven stars of heaven bound together like great, burning mountains. Uriel explained that these were stars that had transgressed the Lord's commandment and were bound there for ten thousand years until their sins were consummated.

From there, he went to an even more terrifying place: a great, blazing fire cleft down to an abyss, filled with descending columns of fire. Uriel identified this place as the prison of the angels, where they will be imprisoned forever.

The Abode of the Dead

Next, Enoch was shown a mountain with four deep, wide, and smooth hollow places. The angel Raphael explained that these places were created to hold the spirits of the souls of the dead until the day of their judgment. One of these places, containing a bright spring of water, was made for the spirits of the righteous.

Another division was made for sinners who die and are buried without judgment having been executed on them in their lifetime; their spirits are set apart in great pain until the final day. A third division holds the spirits of those who make suit, like the spirit of Abel, who makes his suit against his brother Cain until Cain's descendants are destroyed from the earth. The final division is for sinners who were complete in their transgression; their spirits will not be slain on judgment day, nor will they be raised from there.

The Holy Mountain and the Accursed Valley

Enoch's journey continued to seven magnificent mountains, with the middle one excelling in height and resembling the seat of a throne, encircled by fragrant trees. Among them was a tree with a fragrance beyond all others, whose fruit was beautiful and resembled the dates of a palm. The angel Michael explained that the high mountain is God's throne, where the Holy Great One will sit when He comes to visit the earth. The fragrant tree is forbidden to mortals until the great judgment, after which its fruit will be given as food to the righteous and holy, who will live a long life on earth free from sorrow or plague.

Enoch then saw a blessed land filled with trees and a holy mountain, but between other mountains was an accursed valley. Uriel explained that this accursed valley is for those who are accursed forever—those who utter unseemly words against the Lord. It is here they will be gathered for their place of judgment, where the righteous will witness their condemnation and bless the Lord.

The Garden and the Ends of the Earth

Enoch traveled to the east, through deserts with aromatic trees like frankincense, myrrh, and cinnamon, until he came to the Garden of Righteousness. There he saw many magnificent trees, including the Tree of Knowledge, whose holy fruit gives great wisdom. Raphael the angel explained that this was the tree of wisdom from which Adam and Eve had eaten, causing their eyes to be opened and for them to be driven out of the garden.

Finally, Enoch went to the ends of the earth and saw the portals of heaven from which the stars emerge. Uriel showed him and wrote down all their outlets, names, courses, positions, times, and months. He also saw the portals for the winds in the north, west, and south, and the small portals in the east through which the stars run their course to the west. Seeing all this, Enoch continuously blessed the Lord of Glory, who has wrought such wonders to show the greatness of His work to angels, spirits, and men.

The Parable of Judgment

Enoch, son of Jared, introduces the first of three parables, a vision of wisdom given to him by the Lord of Spirits. He states that these words are not for his own time but for a future generation. The parable describes a coming day of judgment when the congregation of the righteous will appear and sinners will be driven from the face of the earth. On that day, the Righteous One will be revealed, and a great light will shine upon the righteous and the elect who dwell on the earth.

The dwelling place of sinners will vanish, and it would have been better for them if they had never been born. The powerful kings and mighty rulers of the earth will perish and be handed over to the righteous and holy, and from that time on, they will find no mercy from the Lord of Spirits, for their life will be at an end.

The Heavenly Dwelling and the Elect One

Enoch describes being carried off by a whirlwind to the end of the heavens, where he saw the dwelling-places of the holy and the resting-places of the righteous. There he saw their homes with righteous angels, who petitioned, interceded, and prayed for the children of men. In this holy place, Enoch's eyes saw the Elect One of righteousness and faith, whose dwelling was under the wings of the Lord of Spirits.

Enoch's spirit longed to dwell there, in the presence of countless thousands who stand before the Lord of Spirits and never sleep, but continually bless and praise Him, saying: "Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of Spirits: He filleth the earth with spirits".

The Four Holy Angels

On the four sides of the Lord of Spirits, Enoch saw four presences, different from the angels who do not sleep. An angel revealed their identities and roles:

• Michael, the first, is merciful and long-suffering; he blesses the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever.
• Raphael, the second, is set over all the diseases and wounds of the children of men; he blesses the Elect One and the elect ones.
• Gabriel, the third, is set over all the powers; he prays and intercedes for those who dwell on the earth.
• Phanuel, the fourth, is set over the repentance and hope of those who inherit eternal life; he fends off the Satans and forbids them from coming before the Lord of Spirits to accuse humanity.

The Secrets of Creation

Enoch was then shown the secrets of the heavens, including how the kingdom is divided and how the actions of men are weighed in the balance. He saw the mansions of the elect and the sinners being driven from that place. He was also shown the secrets of the natural world: the lightning and thunder, the winds, the clouds and dew, and the chambers of the sun and moon, observing how they follow their prescribed orbits without fail.

The chapter includes a brief allegory explaining that Wisdom went forth to dwell among the children of men but, finding no home, returned to her place among the angels. In contrast, unrighteousness came out and easily found a dwelling, like rain in a desert. Finally, Enoch saw stars and lightnings, and an angel explained their parabolic meaning: they are the names of the holy who dwell on the earth and believe in the name of the Lord of Spirits forever.

The Judgment of the Sinful and the Reward of the Righteous

This second parable concerns those who deny the name of the holy ones and the Lord of Spirits. Their fate is sealed: they will not ascend into heaven, nor will they come upon the earth. They are preserved for a day of suffering and tribulation, when God’s Elect One will sit on the throne of glory to judge their works. The kings and the mighty who possess the earth will be downcast because of their deeds, for on the day of their anguish, they will not be able to save themselves. They will be given over into the hands of the righteous, where they will burn like straw in a fire and sink like lead in water, with no one to raise them.

In contrast, God will transform the heaven and the earth, making them an eternal blessing and light. He will cause His Elect Ones to dwell upon this new earth, but the sinners and evil-doers will not be allowed to set foot on it. The Lord declares that He has provided peace for His righteous ones and has caused them to dwell before Him, while judgment is impending for the sinners, who will be destroyed from the face of the earth.

The Vision of the Head of Days and the Son of Man

Enoch then saw a vision of One who had a "head of days," whose head was white like wool. With Him was another being whose face had the appearance of a man and was full of graciousness. An angel explained that this second figure is the Son of Man, who possesses righteousness and reveals all the treasures of that which is hidden, for the Lord of Spirits has chosen him. This Son of Man will raise up the kings and the mighty from their seats and will break the teeth of the sinners because they did not extol and praise the Lord or acknowledge from where their kingdoms were bestowed.

The prayer of the righteous and the blood they have shed has ascended before the Lord of Spirits. In response, the holy ones in heaven unite their voices to supplicate and bless the name of the Lord, asking that judgment be done and that the righteous may not have to suffer forever. Enoch then saw the Head of Days seat himself upon the throne of His glory, where the books of the living were opened before Him.

The Pre-existence and Role of the Elect One

At that hour, the Son of Man was named in the presence of the Lord of Spirits, and his name was spoken before the Head of Days. His name was named even before the sun, the signs, and the stars of heaven were created. He is destined to be a staff for the righteous to lean on so they do not fall, and he will be the light of the Gentiles and the hope of those who are troubled of heart. All who dwell on earth will fall down and worship before him, celebrating the Lord of Spirits.

This is why he has been chosen and hidden before the Lord, from before the creation of the world and for evermore. The wisdom of the Lord of Spirits has revealed him to the holy and righteous, for he preserves the lot of the righteous because they have hated and despised this world of unrighteousness.

The Final Consummation and Judgment

In those days, the earth, Sheol, and hell will give back that which has been entrusted to them. The Elect One will arise, and He shall choose the righteous and holy from among them, for the day of their salvation has drawn near. Enoch was then shown a vision of mountains of iron, copper, silver, gold, and lead, which will all become like wax before the fire in the presence of the Elect One.

He also saw a deep valley with burning fire where the kings and mighty were cast. The angel told him that chains of immeasurable weight were being prepared for the hosts of Azazel, to be cast into the abyss of complete condemnation. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Phanuel will take hold of them on that great day and cast them into the burning furnace. The parable ends with a prophecy of a great war among earthly kings, leading to a slaughter so immense that Sheol will open its jaws to devour the sinners in the presence of the elect. Finally, the pillars of the earth will be moved, and all shall fall down and worship the Lord of Spirits.

The Glorious Fate of the Righteous

The third parable begins with a blessing for the righteous and the elect, for a glorious lot awaits them. They will exist in the light of the sun and in the light of eternal life, and the days of their lives shall be unending. They will seek light and find righteousness with the Lord of Spirits, and there will be peace for them in the name of the Eternal Lord. After the darkness is destroyed, a light that never ends will be established, and the wisdom of righteousness will be revealed to the holy.

The Vision of Heavenly Judgment

Enoch describes seeing the secrets of the lightning and thunder and the judgments they execute for blessing or for curse. In the 500th year of his life, he saw a mighty quake that shook the heaven of heavens and disquieted the host of the Most High and the angels. The Head of Days sat on the throne of His glory, surrounded by angels and the righteous. Enoch was seized with a great trembling and fear and fell upon his face.

The angel Michael raised him and comforted him, explaining that the vision pertained to the future day of judgment. This day, prepared by the Lord of Spirits, will be a covenant for the elect but an inquisition for sinners who deny the righteous law and take God's name in vain. On that day, two great monsters will be parted: a female monster named Leviathan, who will dwell in the abysses of the ocean, and a male named Behemoth, who will occupy a vast desert.

The Elect One and the Judgment of the Mighty

Enoch was shown many cosmic secrets, including the chambers of the winds and the divisions of the stars. He then saw angels with long cords who had gone to the north to bring the "measures of the righteous." This was so that the righteous may stay themselves on the name of the Lord of Spirits forever. These measures will also reveal the secrets of the depths of the earth, so that those who have been destroyed by the desert or devoured by beasts and fish of the sea may return and have hope on the day of the Elect One.

The Lord of Spirits then placed the Elect One on the throne of glory. The spirit of righteousness was poured out upon him, and he will judge all the works of the holy in heaven, weighing their deeds in a balance. The word of his mouth slays all the sinners and destroys all the unrighteous from his face. All the kings, the mighty, and the exalted who rule the earth will see and recognize him sitting on the throne of his glory. Pain will seize them like a woman in labor. They will be terrified, and they will fall on their faces to worship and petition for mercy from this Son of Man.

The Final Verdict and the Lament of Kings

The parable explains that from the beginning, the Son of Man was hidden, preserved in the presence of the Most High's might, and has now been revealed to the elect. The congregation of the holy will stand before him on that day. The Lord of Spirits will press the mighty kings so that they will hastily go from His presence, their faces filled with shame and growing darkness. He will deliver them to the angels for punishment, to execute vengeance on them because they have oppressed His children and His elect.

The righteous and elect will be saved on that day and will never again see the face of the sinners and unrighteous. They will dwell with the Son of Man, eating, lying down, and rising up for ever and ever. They will be clothed with garments of glory, which are garments of life from the Lord of Spirits that will never grow old or fade. The defeated kings will then lament, blessing the Lord of Spirits and confessing their sins. They will admit that their hope was in their own kingdoms and glory, not in God, and that their unrighteous gains cannot prevent them from descending into Sheol. This is the final ordinance and judgment for the mighty and the kings who possess the earth.

The Miraculous Birth of Noah

After some days, Methuselah’s son Lamech took a wife who became pregnant and bore a son. The child's appearance was extraordinary: his body was as white as snow and as red as a blooming rose, his hair and long locks were white as wool, and his eyes were so beautiful that when he opened them, the whole house lit up like the sun. Immediately upon his birth, the infant arose in the hands of the midwife, opened his mouth, and began to speak with the Lord of righteousness.

Lamech's Fear and Methuselah's Journey

Terrified by this, Lamech fled to his own father, Methuselah. He explained that he had fathered a strange son, unlike any man, who resembled the sons of the God of heaven. Lamech was convinced the child was not his own but was instead descended from angels, and he feared that a great wonder would occur on the earth during the child's lifetime. He pleaded with Methuselah to travel to their ancestor Enoch, who dwelled among the angels, to learn the truth of the matter.

Methuselah went to Enoch at the ends of the earth and relayed Lamech's story and fears.

Enoch's Revelation and Prophecy

Enoch answered Methuselah, explaining that the Lord was about to do a new thing on the earth, which he had already seen in a vision. He recounted that in the generation of his own father, Jared, some of the angels of heaven had transgressed the Lord's word. They had united with human women, committed sin, and fathered children by them.

These children, Enoch explained, would become giants on the earth—not of the spirit, but of the flesh. Because of this, a great punishment was coming to cleanse the earth of all impurity. A great destruction, a deluge, would come over the entire world and last for one year.

The Naming and Destiny of Noah

Enoch then revealed the most important truth: the son born to Lamech was, in truth, his own. He instructed that the child’s name should be Noah, for he would be a remnant left on the earth. When all other mankind perishes in the destruction, Noah and his three children will be saved.

Enoch also foretold that, based on what he had read in the heavenly tablets, even more unrighteousness would follow after this event, and generations would continue to transgress until a generation of righteousness finally arises. After hearing everything, Methuselah returned to Lamech, assured him the child was his son, and they named him Noah, for he would comfort the earth after all the destruction.

Noah's Plea to Enoch

In those days, Noah saw that the earth had sunk down and that its destruction was near. He arose and went to the ends of the earth, crying out with an embittered voice to his grandfather Enoch. He pleaded three times, "Hear me, hear me, hear me," and asked what was happening to the earth that it was in such an evil and shaken condition, fearing that he would perish with it.

Following his cry, there was a great commotion on the earth and a voice was heard from heaven, causing Noah to fall on his face. Enoch, his grandfather, then came and stood by him, asking why he was weeping and crying with such bitterness.

The Reason for the World's Destruction

Enoch explained that a command had gone forth from the Lord concerning all who dwell on the earth, declaring that their ruin was accomplished. This judgment was decreed because they had learned all the secrets of the angels, all the violence and most secret powers of the Satans, and all the powers of sorcery, witchcraft, and of those who make molten images.

Enoch stated that he had asked the Lord of Spirits about this commotion, and the Lord had confirmed that judgment was determined and would not be withheld. Because of the sorceries that humanity had sought out and learned, the earth and all who dwell upon it were to be destroyed.

The Damnation of the Wicked and Salvation of Noah

Enoch continued by explaining that those who had revealed the hidden knowledge were damned and had no place for repentance. In contrast, he told Noah that the Lord of Spirits knows that he is pure and guiltless of any reproach concerning these secrets.

God has destined Noah’s name to be among the holy and has willed to preserve him among those who dwell on the earth. Furthermore, his righteous descendants are destined for kingship and for great honors. From his seed, a fountain of righteous and holy people will proceed, without number, forever.

The Coming Flood

After this, Enoch showed Noah the angels of punishment who were prepared to come and let loose all the powers of the waters from beneath the earth. Their purpose was to bring judgment and destruction on all who dwelled on the earth. However, the Lord of Spirits had given a commandment to these angels, who were over the powers of the waters, that they should not cause the waters to rise yet, but should hold them in check. After these revelations, Noah departed from the presence of Enoch.

God's Promise to Noah

In those days, the word of God came to Noah. The Lord declared that Noah's lot had come before Him as one without blame, a lot of love and uprightness. God promised that once the angels completed their task, He would preserve their work, and from it would come forth a "seed of life." This would bring about a change so that the earth would not remain uninhabited. God vowed to establish Noah's descendants before Him forever, and to spread them across the earth, where they would be blessed and multiply in the name of the Lord.

The Fiery Prison of the Angels

God then described the punishment for the angels who had shown unrighteousness. They were to be imprisoned in a burning valley which Enoch had previously shown Noah in the west, located among mountains of gold, silver, iron, soft metal, and tin. Noah saw this valley, which had a great convulsion of waters and produced a smell of sulfur from fiery molten metal. This valley of the angels who had led mankind astray burned beneath the land, with streams of fire proceeding through it.

The Waters of Healing and Punishment

It was explained that these waters would serve a dual purpose. For the kings, the mighty, and the exalted who dwell on the earth, they would be for the healing of the body. At the same time, they would serve for the punishment of the spirit. Because these rulers' spirits are full of lust, they will be punished in their bodies; they see their punishment daily, yet they still do not believe in God's name.

The severity of their spiritual punishment will correspond to the burning of their bodies, and this change will be for ever and ever. Judgment comes upon them because they believe in the lust of their bodies and deny the Spirit of the Lord. The waters themselves will change; when the angels are punished in them, the springs will alter their temperature, becoming cold when the angels ascend.

A Testimony for the Kings of the Earth

The angel Michael explained the significance of this judgment. He said that the punishment of the angels serves as a testimony for the kings and the mighty who possess the earth. Michael clarified that because these rulers use the waters for the healing of their bodies and to satisfy their own lust, they will not see or believe that these same waters will one day change and become a fire that burns forever.

This chapter contains the secrets from the Parables that Enoch passed down to Noah.

The Finality of Judgment

The text begins with a conversation between the angels Michael and Raphael, who reflect on the severity of the judgment against the fallen angels. Michael states that he won't take their part before the Lord, because the Lord of Spirits is angry with them for acting as if they were the Lord. He confirms that their judgment is final and that all that is hidden will come upon them for ever and ever. After this judgment, the fallen angels will be made to tremble as a lesson to those who dwell on the earth.

The Chief Sins of the Fallen

A list of the chiefs of the fallen angels is provided, followed by a detailed account of the specific transgressions of their leaders:

• Jeqon was the one who first led the sons of God astray, bringing them down to earth and causing them to be seduced by the daughters of men.
• Asbeel gave evil counsel to the holy sons of God, leading them to defile their bodies with human women.
• Gadreel revealed to humanity all the blows of death. He showed them the shield, the coat of mail, and the sword for battle, introducing all the weapons of death.
• Penemue taught mankind the "bitter and the sweet" and all the secrets of their wisdom, including how to write with ink and paper. The text notes that men were created to be pure and righteous like the angels, and it's through this forbidden knowledge that they are perishing.
• Kasdeja showed the children of men all the wicked smitings of spirits and demons, including the smiting of the embryo in the womb so that it may pass away, the bites of the serpent, and other afflictions.

The Power of the Divine Oath

The text describes a powerful and secret oath, revealed by an angel named Kasbeel. This angel requested that Michael show him a hidden name so that he could enunciate it in the oath, causing those who had revealed heavenly secrets to tremble in fear. This is the oath by which creation itself is sustained:

• The heaven was suspended and the earth was founded upon water.
• The sea was created and its foundation was set upon sand to restrain it.
• The depths of the earth were made fast and don't stir from their place.
• The sun, moon, and stars complete their courses and don't deviate from their ordinance.

This mighty oath preserves the paths of all things, and their course is not destroyed.

The Triumph of the Son of Man

The chapter concludes with the revelation of the name of the Son of Man, which brought great joy to the angels. He sat on the throne of His glory, and the sum of judgment was given to him. He will cause the sinners and those who have led the world astray to be destroyed. They will be bound with chains and imprisoned in their place of destruction, and all their works will vanish from the face of the earth. From that point on, nothing corruptible will exist, for the Son of Man has appeared and all evil will pass away before his powerful word.

Enoch's Final Ascension

Enoch's name was raised up from among those who dwell on the earth to the Son of Man and to the Lord of Spirits. He was taken aloft on "chariots of the spirit," and his name vanished from among men. He was set in a special place between the north and west winds, where angels measured out a dwelling for the elect and righteous. There, he saw the "first fathers" and the righteous who had dwelled in that place from the beginning.

His spirit ascended into the heavens, where he saw the holy sons of God walking on flames of fire, their garments white and their faces shining like snow. Overwhelmed by the sight of two streams of fire, Enoch fell on his face before the Lord of Spirits.

The Heavenly Vision

The angel Michael took Enoch by his right hand, lifted him up, and led him into all the secrets of righteousness. Michael showed him the secrets of the ends of heaven and all the chambers of the stars and luminaries. His spirit was then translated into the "heaven of heavens," where he saw a structure built of crystals with tongues of living fire moving between them.

He saw a great house of fire, encircled by streams of living fire and surrounded by the Seraphin, Cherubic, and Ophannin, who do not sleep but guard the throne of God's glory. Innumerable angels, a thousand thousands and ten thousand times ten thousand, surrounded the house.

The Head of Days and the Son of Man

With the angels was the Head of Days, whose head was white and pure as wool and whose raiment was indescribable. Upon seeing this, Enoch fell on his face again, his body becoming relaxed and his spirit transfigured. In this state, he cried out with the spirit of power, blessing and glorifying God.

The Head of Days, accompanied by Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Phanuel, then came to Enoch and greeted him. He identified the figure with him, saying, "This is the Son of Man who is born unto righteousness, and righteousness abides over Him, and the righteousness of the Head of Days forsakes Him not".

The Promise of Eternal Peace

The Head of Days proclaimed peace to Enoch in the name of the world to come. He declared that all the righteous will walk in the ways of the Son of Man, as righteousness never forsakes him. Their dwelling places and their heritage will be with him, and they will never be separated from him for ever and ever. The righteous are promised a length of days, peace, and an upright path in the name of the Lord of Spirits eternally.

The Heavenly Portals and the Sun's Journey

Uriel showed Enoch the fundamental structure of the cosmos, which operates through a series of heavenly portals. There are six portals in the east where the sun rises and six in the west where it sets. The sun, described as the "great luminary" filled with illuminating and heating fire, follows a precise annual journey through these gates.

The sun rises and sets through each corresponding pair of portals for a set number of days (either 30 or 31). As it moves from one portal to the next throughout the year, the length of the day and night changes in an exact ratio. The day grows longer and the night shorter until the day is twice as long as the night at the summer solstice. Then, the process reverses, and the day becomes shorter until it's only half as long as the night at the winter solstice.

The Law of the Moon

Enoch was also shown the law for the "smaller luminary," the moon. Her chariot is driven by the wind, and light is given to her in measured amounts. Her cycle also corresponds to the heavenly portals.

Her first phase appears in the east on the 30th morning. Her light then increases by specific fractions over fourteen days until she is full. After this, her light wanes daily in the same fractional way until, at the end of the month, her entire circumference is empty and void of light. This cycle is performed through months that are either 29 or 30 days long.

The 364-Day Year

The precise movement of the sun through the six portals results in a year that is completed in exactly 364 days. Uriel explained that this order is overseen by leaders of thousands who are placed over all creation. These leaders are also associated with four intercalary days, which are inseparable from their office and divide the four parts of the year. Uriel noted that it's because of these four days that men often go wrong in their own reckoning of the year, failing to recognize them accurately. The angel showed Enoch that this 364-day system is the exact and divinely ordained account of time.

The Portals of the Winds and Earthly Geography

Finally, Enoch was shown 12 portals at the ends of the earth, from which the winds go forth to blow over the world. The winds emerging from the various portals in the east, south, west, and north bring different effects. Some bring blessings and prosperity, such as rain, dew, and health, while others bring hurtful winds that cause desolation, drought, heat, frost, and destruction.

This section also provides the names for the sun (Orjares and Tomas) and the moon (Asonja, Ebla, Benase, and Erae), and mentions that Enoch was shown seven high mountains, seven great rivers, and seven great islands on the earth.

A Prophecy of Cosmic Disruption

After the angel Uriel finished showing Enoch all the laws of the sun, moon, and stars, he gave a prophecy concerning the "days of the sinners." During this future time of great evil, the entire natural and cosmic order will be disrupted as a consequence of sin.

Uriel foretold that the years themselves will be shortened, the rain will be withheld, and the fruits of the earth and trees will fail to grow in their season. The heavens too will fall into disarray: the moon will alter her order and fail to appear on time, the sun will be seen journeying irregularly, and many of the chief stars will transgress their ordained paths, altering their orbits and tasks. The whole order of the stars will be concealed from sinners, causing the people on earth to go astray and make a fatal error: they will take the celestial bodies to be gods. This will cause evil to multiply, leading to a punishment that will destroy them all.

The Heavenly Tablets and Enoch's Testimony

Following this prophecy, Enoch was commanded to observe the heavenly tablets and read everything written upon them. He did so and understood it all, reading the "book of all the deeds of mankind" and the fate of all who would live on the earth for all generations.

Upon seeing this, Enoch blessed the great Lord and King of glory for creating all the works of the world and for His great patience. He then proclaimed, "Blessed is the man who dies in righteousness and goodness, concerning whom there is no book of unrighteousness written, and against whom no day of judgement shall be found."

The Final Commission

After this vision, seven holy ones brought Enoch back and placed him on the earth in front of the door to his house. They gave him a final commission, telling him to declare everything to his son Methuselah and to show all his children that no person is righteous in the sight of the Lord, their Creator.

They granted him one final year on earth with his family to give his commands, teach his children, and record his testimony for them. They informed him that in the second year, he would be taken from their midst permanently. They encouraged him to be strong, for the righteous will rejoice with one another, but warned that sinners will die with sinners. Finally, they told him that the righteous will be "taken away" on account of the evil deeds of the godless.

Enoch's Final Instructions to Methuselah

Enoch addresses his son, Methuselah, telling him that he has revealed and written down everything for him in books. He commands Methuselah to preserve these books from his father's hand and to deliver them to the future generations of the world.

Enoch explains that the wisdom contained in these books is profound, surpassing ordinary thought. He says that those who understand it won't sleep but will listen with their ears to learn it, and it will please them more than good food. He concludes with a blessing for all the righteous who walk in the path of righteousness and don't sin.

The 364-Day Celestial Calendar

The text revisits the details of the celestial calendar revealed by the angel Uriel. It reaffirms that the year is completed in exactly 364 days. The key to this calculation is the four intercalary days that divide the year into four seasons, or portions. It's explicitly stated that because humanity fails to reckon these four days properly, they are at fault in their own calculations of the year.

This entire, accurate system of luminaries, months, festivals, years, and days was revealed to Enoch by Uriel, to whom the Lord has subjected the entire host of heaven. Uriel has power over night and day, causing the sun, moon, and stars to give light to men.

The Heavenly Hierarchy

The calendar is governed by a celestial hierarchy.

• First, there are four primary leaders who divide the four parts of the year. Their names are Milkiel, Helemmelek, Melejal, and Narel.
• After them come twelve leaders of the orders who divide the months.
• For the 360 days, there are heads over thousands who divide the days.

The First Two Seasons of the Year

The chapter then describes the first two seasons in detail:

1. The first season is ruled by the leader Melkejal for 91 days. The earthly signs of his dominion are sweat, heat, and calm. During this time, all the trees produce leaves and bear fruit, the wheat is harvested, and flowers bloom.
2. The second season is ruled by Helemmelek for 91 days. The signs on earth are glowing heat and dryness. During his rule, the trees ripen their fruit, the sheep pair and become pregnant, and all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, including from the winepress.

The Vision of a Falling Heaven

Enoch begins by telling his son, Methuselah, about a vision he saw before he was married. In the dream, he saw the heaven collapse and fall to the earth, which was then swallowed by a great abyss. Mountains were suspended on mountains, and hills sank into hills. His grandfather Mahalaleel interpreted this as a prophecy of the earth’s coming destruction due to the greatness of its sin. After this, Enoch prayed to the Lord of glory that a remnant might be left on the earth.

The Animal Allegory: Creation to the Flood

Enoch's second vision is a sweeping history of the world told through animal symbolism. It starts with a white bull (Adam) and a heifer (Eve). Their offspring are a black bull (Cain) who kills his brother, a red bull (Abel). The lineage of a later white bull (Seth) multiplies.

A star falls from heaven, followed by many more (the Watchers), who begin to pasture among the cattle (humanity). They mate with the cows (human women), who give birth to elephants, camels, and asses (the Giants). These giants oppress and devour the cattle. In response, four beings like white men (the archangels) descend from heaven. They cast the fallen stars into an abyss and instruct a white bull (Noah) to build a great vessel (the ark) to survive a worldwide flood that destroys all other creatures.

From the Flood to the Exodus

After the flood, Noah’s three sons (a white, red, and black bull) emerge to repopulate the earth with various beasts and birds (the nations). The lineage continues until a white sheep (Jacob) is born, who fathers twelve sheep (the twelve tribes of Israel). One of these sheep (Joseph) is sold to the wolves (the Egyptians).

The entire flock eventually lives among the wolves and is severely oppressed. The Lord of the sheep calls another sheep (Moses) to lead the flock to freedom. The Lord parts a sea of water for the sheep to cross safely, then causes the water to close in and drown the pursuing wolves.

From the Promised Land to the Exile

The sheep are led to a pleasant land (Canaan), where they build a house for the Lord (the Temple). However, they repeatedly go astray and are attacked by dogs, foxes, and wild boars (neighboring nations). The Lord raises up rams (judges and kings) to lead and protect them, but the sheep often fall into apostasy, even beginning to slay the other sheep (prophets) that the Lord sends to warn them.

Because of their persistent blindness and disobedience, the Lord of the sheep allows the house to be destroyed and gives the flock over to be devoured and scattered by lions, tigers, and wolves (the Assyrians and Babylonians). For a long period, they are handed over to the authority of seventy shepherds (a succession of foreign or corrupt rulers) who destroy more of the flock than they were commanded.

The Final Judgment and New Creation

After a long period of suffering, lambs with horns grow (the Maccabean heroes) who begin to fight back against the ravens and other birds of prey that have been devouring the flock. Eventually, a great horn rises among them.

Finally, the Lord of the sheep returns and sits upon a throne in the pleasant land to execute judgment. The sealed books recording the deeds of the shepherds are opened. The blind sheep and the seventy shepherds are judged guilty and cast into a fiery abyss. The old, ruined house is folded up and removed. A new house, greater and loftier than the first, is brought and set in its place. All the surviving sheep are gathered inside, and a great white bull with large horns (the Messiah) is born. All the generations are transformed into white bulls, and they dwell in joy with the Lord of the sheep forever.

Enoch's Final Exhortation

Feeling the spirit poured out upon him, Enoch summons his son Methuselah and tells him to gather all his brothers. He delivers a final exhortation to all his sons, urging them to listen carefully to his words.

The core of his guidance is a plea to love uprightness and walk in it. He specifically warns them not to approach righteousness with a "double heart" and not to associate with others who are double-hearted. He promises that if they walk in righteousness, it will guide them on good paths and will always be their companion.

Prophecy of Judgment

Enoch then delivers a prophecy about the future of the earth. He states that he knows violence is destined to increase on the earth, which will lead to a great chastisement being executed upon the world. This judgment will bring an end to all unrighteousness, which will be cut off from its very roots.

This cleansing will be total: all the idols of the heathen will be abandoned, and their temples will be burned with fire and removed from the whole earth. Those who are wicked will be cast into a judgment of fire, where they will perish in wrath and grievous judgment forever.

The Rise of Wisdom and Righteousness

Following this great cleansing, the righteous will arise from their sleep, and wisdom will arise and be given to them. After this, the final roots of unrighteousness will be cut off, and sinners and blasphemers will be destroyed by the sword.

Enoch concludes by telling his sons that his purpose in revealing this is to show them the "paths of righteousness and the paths of violence" so that they may know what is to come and choose the correct path.

A Doctrine for Future Generations

Enoch presents this writing as a complete doctrine of wisdom for his children and for all future generations who will observe uprightness and peace. He offers a message of comfort to the righteous, telling them not to be troubled by the times, because the Holy and Great One has appointed days for all things. He promises that the righteous will arise from sleep to walk in the paths of righteousness, where they will find eternal goodness, grace, and light. In contrast, sin will perish in darkness forever and will be seen no more.

The Prophecy of the Ten Weeks

Enoch then reveals a major prophecy that divides the history of the world into periods called "weeks." The first six are detailed here:

• First Week: The period of Enoch's own birth and life.
• Second Week: A time of great wickedness and deceit, which will see a "first end" in which one man is saved (Noah) during a great flood. Afterward, unrighteousness will grow again.
• Third Week: A man will be elected as the "plant of righteous judgement" (Abraham), and his descendants will become the plant of righteousness forever.
• Fourth Week: Visions of the holy and righteous will be seen, and a law will be made for all generations (the Law of Moses).
• Fifth Week: A "house of glory and dominion" will be built forever (Solomon's Temple).
• Sixth Week: An era of spiritual blindness where hearts will forsake wisdom. A man will ascend (Elijah), and at the week's close, the house of dominion will be burned with fire and the chosen people will be scattered (the Babylonian Exile).

A Warning to Sinners

The chapter shifts to a series of pronouncements of "woe" against sinners. Woe is declared upon those who build their houses with sin, acquire gold and silver unjustly, and trust in their riches while forgetting the Most High. They are warned that they have become ready for the day of slaughter, darkness, and the great judgment, and their Creator will rejoice at their destruction. Further woes are directed at those who devour the finest wheat and drink wine from large bowls while treading underfoot the lowly with their might.

A Promise for the Righteous

In direct contrast to the fate of sinners, a promise is made to the righteous who have suffered. They are told not to fear, for healing will be their portion. A bright light will enlighten them, and they will hear a "voice of rest" from heaven. Their children will mount up and rise like eagles, finding safety and refuge from the unrighteous. While sinners will wither away for having forsaken the "fountain of life," the righteous will be rewarded.

The Coming Shame of Sinners

The righteous are assured that sinners will become a shame and perish on the day of unrighteousness. The Most High is mindful of their coming destruction, and the angels of heaven rejoice over it. On that day of judgment, sinners will have nowhere to flee when they hear the prayer of the righteous. All of their unrighteous words will be read out before the Great Holy One, their faces will be covered with shame, and every work they have grounded in unrighteousness will be rejected.

Woes Against Unrighteousness and Wealth

A series of "woes" are pronounced against the wicked:

• Woe to you who acquire silver and gold in unrighteousness and say, "We have become rich... and have acquired everything that we have desired". Your lies will not abide, and your riches will speedily ascend from you.
• Enoch swears an oath that sin was not sent upon the earth, but man of himself has created it, and those who commit it will fall under a great curse.
• Woe to you, you obstinate of heart, who work wickedness and eat blood; you will have no peace.
• Woe to you who love the deeds of unrighteousness; you will be delivered into the hands of the righteous, who will cut off your necks and slay you without mercy.
• Woe to you who rejoice in the suffering of the righteous, for no grave will be dug for you.
• Woe to you who write down lying and godless words, for you will have no peace and will die a sudden death.

The Folly of Idolatry

A specific condemnation is reserved for idolaters. The text swears that sin is prepared for a day of unceasing bloodshed. Those who worship stones, graven images of gold, silver, wood, and clay, and those who worship impure spirits and demons will get no help from them. They will become godless because of the folly of their hearts, blinded by fear and dream visions. For having wrought their work in a lie and worshipped a stone, they will perish in an instant.

In contrast, a blessing is given to all who accept the words of wisdom, understand them, and walk in the path of the Most High's righteousness.

The Day of Great Slaughter

The prophecy concludes by describing a final, terrible slaughter. Fathers and sons will be smitten together, and brother will fall against brother until streams flow with their blood. From dawn until sunset, the sinner won't withhold his hand from slaying his own brother, son, or grandson. The violence will be so great that the horse will walk up to its breast in the blood of sinners.

On that day, the angels will descend to gather all who brought sin to the world, and the Most High will arise to execute great judgment. He will appoint holy angels to be guardians over the righteous and holy. All of creation—the clouds, mist, dew, and rain—will be withheld from sinners and will stand as a testimony against their sins.

Humanity's Helplessness Before God

Enoch begins with an exhortation to the "children of heaven" to observe the works of the Most High, to fear Him, and to do no evil in His presence. He poses a series of rhetorical questions to show humanity's complete dependence on God. What can people do if God closes the windows of heaven and withholds the rain and dew? If He sends His anger because of their evil deeds, they can't petition Him, because they have spoken proud and insolent words against His righteousness. Because of this, they will have no peace.

God's Dominion Over Creation

To illustrate God's power, Enoch points to the sailors of ships, who are tossed by waves and shaken by winds, constantly in sore trouble. They fear the sea because it holds all their possessions and could swallow them at any moment. The entire sea, all its waters, and all its movements are the work of the Most High, who has confined it with sand and can cause it to dry up and perish at His reproof.

When God launches forth His Word, all will be terrified and fearful. The luminaries in the sky will be filled with great fear, and the entire earth will tremble and be alarmed. On that day, even the angels will execute their commands and will seek to hide from the presence of the Great Glory, while the children of earth tremble and quake.

The Fate of Sinners and the Hope of the Righteous

The final verdict on the wicked is clear: you sinners will be cursed forever, and you will have no peace.

However, the chapter then turns to the souls of the righteous with a message of comfort. They are told not to be afraid and to be hopeful, even for those who have already died in righteousness. They shouldn't grieve if their soul descended to Sheol in sorrow or if their physical body didn't fare well in life according to their goodness. Instead, they are to wait for the day of the judgment of sinners and for the day of cursing and chastisement. Enoch refutes the taunts of sinners who claim that the righteous die in grief and darkness just like them, reaping no benefit for their good deeds.

The Eternal Fate of Sinners

The righteous are told to wait patiently until an end is made of those who do evil and until the power of transgressors is broken. On that day, sin will pass away, and the names of sinners will be blotted out of the book of life and the holy books. Their children will be destroyed forever, and their spirits will be slain. They will cry out and make lamentation in a chaotic wilderness, where they will burn in a fire in a place where there is "no earth."

Enoch describes seeing a vision of this place of punishment. He saw something like an invisible cloud and a flame of fire blazing brightly. He also saw things that looked like shining mountains circling and sweeping to and fro within the abyss.

The Reward of the Faithful

The chapter then describes the great reward for the righteous, particularly those who endured suffering in their earthly lives. These are the ones who didn't long for earthly food but regarded everything as a "passing breath." The Lord tested them greatly, and their spirits were found pure, so they continued to bless His name.

Their recompense is assigned to them because they loved heaven more than their life in the world. Even though they were trodden under foot by wicked men, experienced abuse and reviling, and were put to shame, they never stopped blessing God.

Transformation into Light

A glorious transformation is promised to these faithful souls. The Lord will summon the spirits of the good who belong to the "generation of light." He will transform those who were born in darkness, who were not rewarded in their physical lives with the honor their faithfulness deserved.

He will bring them forth into a shining light because they loved His holy name. He will seat each one of them on a throne of his honor, and they will be resplendent for times without number. This is the righteous judgment of God, who gives faithfulness to the faithful.

A Final Hope for the Righteous

Enoch swears an oath to the righteous, assuring them that they are remembered for good in heaven and that their names are written before the glory of the Great One. He tells them to be hopeful; though they were once put to shame through illness and affliction, they will soon shine like the lights of heaven and the portals of heaven will be opened to them.

Their cries for judgment will be heard, and all their tribulations will be visited upon the rulers and all who helped plunder them. The righteous are promised great joy, like that of the angels of heaven. On the day of the great judgment, they won't have to hide and won't be found as sinners; the eternal judgment will be far from them for all future generations. Because of this, they are warned not to be companions with sinners, even when they see them growing strong and prospering in their ways.

The Perversion and Preservation of Truth

Enoch reveals a mystery he knows: in the future, sinners will alter and pervert the words of righteousness in many ways. They will speak wicked words, lie, practice great deceits, and write their own books based on their false words.

However, he contrasts this with a promise concerning his own true words. When people write down all his words truthfully in their own languages—without changing or diminishing anything he first testified—then another mystery will be revealed.

The Books of Wisdom for the Elect

This second mystery is that books will be given to the righteous and the wise, which will become a cause of joy, uprightness, and much wisdom. The righteous will receive these books, believe in them, and rejoice over them. All who learn the paths of uprightness from these texts will be rewarded for their faith.

The book concludes with a final command from the Lord. In those days, He will bid His servants to summon and testify to the children of the earth concerning this wisdom, telling them: "Show unto them; for ye are their guides".

Epilogue. The Significance of the Scrolls

The introduction to the chart explains that the collection of scrolls found in the Qumran caves represents a unified body of work. The author suggests that the person or group who stored them did so for safekeeping, as they contain a body of knowledge that has been controversial since its inception.

Notably, the text points out that fragments of the Book of Giants, a work related to Enoch, were also discovered in the caves. The author concludes with a reflection that understanding these mysteries requires not just the intellect, but also the heart.

The Story of the Giants

The narrative parallels the main Book of Enoch but contains different names and details. It begins when 200 Watchers, led by figures like Azazel and Shemhazah, descend to earth to teach righteousness. However, they are seduced by human women, fall from their glorious state, and begin to reveal heavenly secrets.

Their unions with both humans and animals produce monstrous offspring known as the Giants, including Shemhazah's sons, Ohyah and Ahya. These Giants grow to an immense size and begin to violently consume all the earth's resources, eventually turning on humans, animals, and each other.

The Giants' Apocalyptic Dreams

The Giants soon become troubled by apocalyptic dream-visions that foretell their own violent end. In one account, a giant named Mahaway has a vision in which he flies toward the sun but is warned back by a voice from the air and by the voice of Enoch, a sign that their doom was sealed in heaven.

Enoch's Intercession and the Final Verdict

Terrified by their dreams, the Giants seek out the righteous scribe Enoch to intercede for them with God, since God had stopped speaking directly to the fallen Watchers. Enoch takes their petition but receives a vision with a final verdict: their request for forgiveness is denied. The Watchers are to be bound for eternity and will be forced to witness the destruction of their children.

Enoch sends back two tablets with the messenger Mahaway. The first tablet confirms their inescapable doom, causing the Giants to lament. The second tablet, however, urges the Giants themselves to repent and pray, suggesting they still had a chance to reform their lives.

Defiance and Transformation into Evil Spirits

Faced with this choice, the Giants become defiant, boasting that their strength is so great they can overcome any force sent against them from heaven. This act of hubris seals their fate. After they are destroyed in the great flood, the text explains that the Giants and their sons who remain on the earth without physical bodies become evil spirits—the Nephilim. This account explains how their presence continued on earth even after the flood. They were given a new law by an angel, instructing them on how to live to avoid the same dark, eternal prison as their Watcher fathers.

Physical Evidence of a Giant Race

The text claims that fossilized remains of giant human skeletons have been found all around the world, along with giant weapons and artifacts. It highlights several specific discoveries:

• A massive skeleton measuring nearly 42 feet was reportedly discovered on the island of Crete during the Cretan war (205–200 BC).
• Near Crittenden, Arizona, in 1891, a stone sarcophagus was unearthed that had held the body of a human over twelve feet tall with six toes.
• An 1895 magazine article mentions a fossilized giant discovered during a mining operation in Ireland.
• The "San Diego Giant," an 8-foot, 4-inch mummy, was found in a cave and reportedly purchased by the Smithsonian before being sold to a private collector.
• The text also notes that giant fossilized human footprints have been found in places like Sweden and Mexico.

Historical and Literary Corroboration

This physical evidence is supported by historical accounts and ancient texts. The author notes that influential classical writers like Pliny, Strabo, Plutarch, and Plato wrote accounts of giants, with many stories centered on the island of Crete, which is referred to as the "Land of Giants".

The Bible is also cited as evidence, with several verses from Deuteronomy and Joshua referencing a "land of giants" and Og, king of Bashan, who was described as a remnant of the giants. These accounts are linked back to the Book of Enoch, which states the giants were cursed with a 500-year lifespan and that their disembodied spirits would plague the earth after their deaths.

Interpretation and Worldview

The author posits that the existence of a giant human race conflicts with the modern evolutionary worldview. The text interprets ancient Sumerian artifacts, which depict large figures being served by smaller humans, as visual proof of the giants' dominion over mankind as described in the Book of Giants.

An interesting argument is made regarding the term "dragon," which was replaced by "dinosaur" in the 19th century. The author suggests that ancient stories of giants slaying dragons could therefore be interpreted as accounts of them fighting dinosaurs. The author concludes by stating that this body of evidence points away from "modern scientific religion" and reinforces the historical accounts found within the body of biblical knowledge.

Testament of Solomon

The story begins as the demon Ornias torments a young boy who is the master workman's favorite on the Temple construction site. After the boy reports this to him, King Solomon prays to God for power over the demon. In response, the archangel Michael delivers a small ring from the Lord Sabaoth. The ring has a seal engraved with a pentalpha (a five-pointed star) and gives Solomon the power to lock up and control all the spirits of the earth, air, and underworld.

The Catalog of Demons

The main body of the testament is a long catalog of demons whom Solomon summons one by one using the ring. He interrogates each spirit, learning its name, the zodiacal sign it's subject to, the specific harm it does to humans, and the holy angel or name that can thwart it. Notable demons include:

• Beelzeboul (Beelzebub), the prince of demons, who reveals he is the ruler of all other demons and promises to bring them before Solomon.
• Asmodeus, a fierce demon born from the seed of an angel and a human daughter, who plots against newlyweds and is thwarted by the angel Raphael.
• The 36 Decans, who describe themselves as the "world-rulers of this darkness". Each one is responsible for a different physical ailment or societal problem, from headaches and fevers to domestic strife and error.
• Obizuth (Lilith), a female demon who says she doesn't sleep at night but wanders the world to find women in childbirth and strangle their newborn infants.

The Demons' Forced Labor

After learning each demon's function and weakness, Solomon doesn't banish them but instead condemns them to forced labor for the construction of the Temple of God. He puts them to work quarrying stone, sawing marble, making clay, spinning hemp for ropes, and forging gold and silver. In a key event, Solomon captures a powerful wind demon from Arabia named Ephippas and commands it to lift the massive cornerstone that the human builders had rejected, thus fulfilling the scripture. Ephippas and the demon of the Red Sea are then bound to eternally support a great pillar of the Temple.

The Testament's Relevance

The narrative concludes with Solomon's downfall, as he is eventually persuaded by a foreign wife to worship the idols Raphan and Moloch. An editorial note explains the testament's connection to the Book of Enoch: the demons Solomon controlled are presented as the disembodied spirits of the Giants (Nephilim). Unlike human souls, when the giants' physical bodies died, their powerful spirits were able to remain on earth, inhabiting different forms and continuing their vengeance against mankind. The testament is thus a record of Solomon's ability to master these dangerous spirits.

Enoch in Other Ancient Manuscripts

Enoch in the Bible

Several books in the canonical Bible reference Enoch directly.

• Genesis establishes his lineage from Jared, notes his 365-year life, and describes his unique departure from the world: "And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him".
• The Gospel of Luke includes Enoch in the genealogy of Jesus, tracing the lineage back to Adam.
• The book of Hebrews states that by faith Enoch was "translated that he should not see death" because he had pleased God.
• The book of Jude provides the most explicit endorsement, identifying "Enoch also, the seventh from Adam" as a prophet and then directly quoting a prophecy from the Book of Enoch about the Lord coming with ten thousands of His saints to execute judgment.

Enoch in the Book of Jubilees

The Book of Jubilees, another ancient Jewish text, also speaks of Enoch's importance.

• It states that it was during the days of Enoch's father, Jared, that the angels of the Lord descended to the earth.
• Jubilees identifies Enoch as the first man among all people to learn writing and knowledge, and says he was ordained by God to serve as a testimony to all the generations of the world until the final Day of Judgment.
• His name is also included in a list of blessed patriarchs alongside Adam, Noah, and Shem.

The Two Witnesses of Revelation

The author presents an interpretation of Revelation, chapter 11, based on Enoch's unique status. The text argues that Enoch and Elijah are the only two biblical characters of whom there is no record of their death. While the Bible is typically specific about the deaths of its patriarchs, these two were taken directly by God.

Because of this, the author and other biblical scholars believe that Enoch and Elijah are the "two prophets" or "two witnesses" who are prophesied to appear on earth in the last days. The text of Revelation 11 describes these witnesses prophesying for 1,260 days, having power over the elements, being killed by "the beast from the bottomless pit," and lying dead in the street for three and a half days. Afterward, the spirit of life from God enters them, and they are resurrected, ascending to heaven in a cloud as their enemies watch.