This is a timeline of the development of prophecy among the Jews in Judaism. All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar.

See also Jewish history which includes links to individual country histories.

Contents

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• 1 the Exodus
• 2 the Land of Israel
• 3 During the Kingdom of Israel and Judah
• 4 During Exile
• 5 Post Exile
• 6 References

the Exodus[edit]

c. 1312 BC(?*)^{[citation needed]}

the Exodus from Egypt (Moses)

the Land of Israel[edit]

c. 1250 BC^{[citation needed]}

Joshua leads the people

c. 1150 BC–c. 1025 BC^{[citation needed]}

Biblical Judges lead the people

During the Kingdom of Israel and Judah[edit]

c. 1025 BC–c. 1007 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Saul, prophecy of Samuel

c. 1010 BC–c. 970 BC^{[citation needed]}

King David, prophecy of Nathan

c. 1001 BCE–c. 931 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Solomon

c. 931 BC–c. 913 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Rehoboam of Judah

c. 931 BC–c. 910 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Jeroboam of Israel, prophecy of Ahijah

c. 911 BC–c. 910 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Asa of Judah

prophecies of Jehu, Elijah, Micaiah, and Elisha

c. 837 BC–c. 800 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Joash of Judah

prophecy of Joel

c. 796 BC–c. 768 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Joash of Judah

prophecy of Amos, Hosea

c. 767 BC–c. 754 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Uzziah of Judah

prophecy of Micah

c. 740 BC–c. 700 BC^{[citation needed]}

prophesy of Isaiah

c. 740 BC–c. 722 BC^{[citation needed]}

Kingdom of Israel falls to Neo-Assyrian Empire

c. 715 BC–c. 687 BC^{[citation needed]}

King Hezekiah of Judah

prophecy of Nahum

During Exile[edit]

c. 597 BC–c. 520 BC^{[citation needed]}

prophecy of Jonah^[1] during the time of Babylonian captivity, though dating of the book ranges from the 6th to the late 3rd century BC.

At Judea

prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Habakuk

At Babylon

prophecy of Ezekiel

Post Exile[edit]

c. 520 BC–c. 411 BC^{[citation needed]}

prophecy of Haggiah, Zechariah

Return to the land under Persian rule, and writings of Ezra-Nehemiah

Story of Esther

c. 433 BC [?]^{[citation needed]}

prophecy of Malachi during the times of the Persian Empire

c. 160 BC

"prophecy" of Daniel during the time of the Seleucid dynasty. Note that in Jewish scripture, Daniel is not considered a prophet and is not included among the prophetic books.

The short chronology is one of the chronologies of the Near Eastern Bronze and Early Iron Age, which fixes the reign of Hammurabi to 1728–1686 BC and the sack of Babylon to 1531 BC.

The absolute 2nd millennium BC dates resulting from this decision have very little support in academia, particularly after more recent research. The middle chronology (reign of Hammurabi 1792–1750 BC) is still commonly encountered in literature and the most recent work has essentially disproved the short chronology.^[1] For much of the period in question, middle chronology dates can be calculated by adding 64 years to the corresponding short chronology date (e.g. 1728 BC in short chronology corresponds to 1792 in middle chronology).

After the so-called "dark age" between the fall of Babylon and the rise of the Kassite dynasty in Babylonia, absolute dating becomes less uncertain.^[2] While exact dates are still not agreed upon, the 64-year middle/short chronology dichotomy no longer applies from the beginning of the Third Babylon Dynasty onward.

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Early Bronze Age
  • 1.1 Kings of Ebla
  • 1.2 Sumer
• 2 Middle Bronze Age
• 3 Late Bronze Age
• 4 Iron Age
• 5 See also
• 6 Notes
• 7 References
• 8 External links

Early Bronze Age[edit]

Estimation of absolute dates becomes possible for the 2nd half of the 3rd millennium BC. For the first half of the 3rd millennium, only very rough chronological matching of archaeological dates with written records is possible.

Kings of Ebla[edit]

Main article: Ebla

The city-states of Ebla and Mari (in modern Syria) contested for power at this time. Eventually, under Irkab-Damu, Ebla defeats Mari for control of the region just in time to face the rise of Uruk and Akkad. After years of back and forth, Ebla is destroyed by the Akkadian Empire. Pottery seals of the Egyptian pharaoh Pepi I have been found in the wreckage of the city. ^[3]

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Igrish-Halam	circa 2300 BC
Irkab-Damu		Contemporary of Iblul-Il of Mari
Ar-Ennum or Reshi-Ennum
Ibrium or Ebrium		Contemporary of Tudiya of Assyria (treaty)
Ibbi-Sipish or Ibbi-Zikir		Son of Ibrium
Dubuhu-Ada		Ebla destroyed by Naram-Sin of Akkad or Sargon of Akkad