Non-Abraham Descendant - Still mostly Abrahamic Prophets
Balaam: A non-Israelite prophet mentioned in Numbers 22–24. He resided in Pethor (Mesopotamia) and was called by the King of Moab to curse the Israelites. He is recognized as having genuine prophetic communication with God despite not being an Israelite.
Job: Though the dating of the book is debated, Job is traditionally set in the patriarchal era. He lived in the land of Uz (likely outside Canaan) and was not a descendant of Jacob. Many scholars and religious traditions regard him as a prophet.
Melchizedek: King of Salem and "priest of God Most High" (Genesis 14). While he lived at the same time as Abraham, he was not a descendant. In Christian theology (Hebrews 6:20), he is seen as a prophetic prototype for Jesus.
Luqman: Identified in the Qur'an as a wise man/prophet. Traditions vary, but many describe him as a Nubian or Ethiopian, clearly outside the Jacobite lineage.
Partial Abrahamic Lineage [not through the line of Isaac/Jacob]:
Shuaib (Jethro): A prophet sent to the Midianites. He was a descendant of Abraham through his third wife, Keturah, but not through the line of Isaac/Jacob.
Salih and Hud: Prophets sent to the tribes of Thamud and 'Ad in Arabia. While they lived after Abraham according to some chronologies, they were ethnic Arabs, not Israelites. Salih / Hud- from Ancient Arab tribes
Non-Abrahamic Prophets: Persia
Zoroaster (Zarathustra): Lived in Persia (approx. 1500–1000 BCE). From an Abrahamic perspective, he is a major prophetic figure completely independent of the Hebrew lineage.
Mani:
Note on Job: "Land of Uz"= borderlands between southern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia
When Job lived?
Patriarchal Era (c. 2100–1700 BCE), roughly contemporary with or slightly after Abraham.
Job acts as the priest for his family (Job 1:5). This "head of household" priesthood predates the formal Levite priesthood established under Moses.
The book contains no mention of the Exodus, the Ten Commandments, the Temple, or the Covenant with Israel, suggesting a setting before Moses. Moses might wrote the account (c. 1400 BCE) while in the wilderness of Midian, near the land of Uz.