User:NickThomas/Counterspace
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[+ COUNTERSPACE+]
-> Counterspace <- is the concept of another kind of space alongside our ordinary space. It is postulated because it allows an approach to genuine holism, action at a distance and non-locality. It has different qualities from ordinary space, and if the two kinds of space are linked together (more on what that means later), then the basis for understanding the origin of conventionally known forces is provided, as well as for more subtle forces related to life that are not conventionally accepted. It is initially based on projective geometry, but requires tensor mathematics for its full exposition. A new understanding of gravity is possible, and a different approach to light that overcomes the wave/particle duality problem. New light is also thrown on other branches of science.
->In conventional physics there is one space with varying curvature. While Einstein proposed a four dimensional space-time continuum, modern approaches such as string theory postulate anything up to 11 or 13 dimensions. Space is described by a mathematical construct called the metric tensor which determines how the distance between points varies with the coordinates. This is always local i.e. it is valid at a point in the continuum. In curved space the way the coordinates are related to the distance between points may vary as we move around. In two dimensions on a sphere, for example, this is fixed so that given the "latitudes" and "longitudes" of two points a fixed formula tells us how to calculate the shortest distance in the surface between those positions. On an ellipsoid things are more complicated.
->All of this is strictly point-based and lines and planes are thought of as made up of points. In counterspace the polar opposite approach is adopted, namely that the fundamental separation is between planes rather than points. However that separation is not an angle as it may become infinite. It is referred to by the author as turn. Dually the separaton of points is not distance but an angle-like quantity called shift that does not exceed two pi. The resulting geometry is polar-euclidean and many conventional formulae apply to it (such as the polar quanity corresponding to volume) if distance is replaced by turn and angle by shift.
->There are various ways of linking the two spaces together, and an object containing such linkages suffers strain, as when moved it generally cannot satisfy the invariants of both spaces at once. That results in stress which gives rise to force. Gravity may be described as such a stress, and when that is analysed Newton's Law is obtained. In gases the stresses give the ideal gas law. For light a bivector is the linkage tensor, which plays the role of a photon, while for life the linkage tensor is postulated to be a spinor.
->An organism is such because from a counterspace view it is inside every one of its cells, and hence its synergy. This illustrates how fundamentally different counterspace is from space.
->See [[1]] for a pictorial exposition and references.
Nick Thomas
More to follow
------------------
LINKAGES
A linkage is an element that belongs to both Euclidean- and counter-space at once e.g. a point or plane. Suppose a cube is linked to both spaces at once, and is moved upwards away from the inner infinitude. It will try to obey the metrics of both spaces, and the diagram below shows what happens as it moves, the yellow version obeying space and staying the same size and shape in space, while the magenta version obeys the counter space metric.
The counter space- or inner-infinity is shown as a point at the bottom, and lines have been drawn from it through the vertices of the cube. The counter-spatial movement is such that the vertices stay on these lines in order to obey its metric properties, as illustrated by the magenta cube, while the spatial one stays the same spatially. With our ordinary consciousness that is what seems natural, of course, but for a counter space consciousness the other is most natural and the yellow cube appears to be getting bigger (NOT smaller!!). The geometric difference between the two cubes is referred to as strain, analogously to the use of that term in engineering where it is the percentage deformation in size when, for example, an elastic band is stretched. The elastic band responds to the strain by exerting a force, which is referred to as stress. The central thesis here is thus:
1. Objects may be linked to both spaces at once,
2. When they are, strain arises when they move as the metrics are conflicting,
3. Stress arises as a result of the strain.
Note well that stress is not a geometric concept, and we move from geometry to physics when we consider stress. The major stress-free movement or transformation is rotation about an axis through the counter space infinity, which may explain the ubiquitous appearance and importance of rotation in most branches of physics e.g. in fluid flow.
This, and all else in the pages concerned with counter space, is explained in more detail in Science Between Space and Counterspace (Reference 11). Some algebraic details are given in the subordinate algebraic page.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[+ COUNTERSPACE+]
-> Counterspace <- is the concept of another kind of space alongside our ordinary space. It is postulated because it allows an approach to genuine holism, action at a distance and non-locality. It has different qualities from ordinary space, and if the two kinds of space are linked together (more on what that means later), then the basis for understanding the origin of conventionally known forces is provided, as well as for more subtle forces related to life that are not conventionally accepted. It is initially based on projective geometry, but requires tensor mathematics for its full exposition. A new understanding of gravity is possible, and a different approach to light that overcomes the wave/particle duality problem. New light is also thrown on other branches of science.
->In conventional physics there is one space with varying curvature. While Einstein proposed a four dimensional space-time continuum, modern approaches such as string theory postulate anything up to 11 or 13 dimensions. Space is described by a mathematical construct called the metric tensor which determines how the distance between points varies with the coordinates. This is always local i.e. it is valid at a point in the continuum. In curved space the way the coordinates are related to the distance between points may vary as we move around. In two dimensions on a sphere, for example, this is fixed so that given the "latitudes" and "longitudes" of two points a fixed formula tells us how to calculate the shortest distance in the surface between those positions. On an ellipsoid things are more complicated.
->All of this is strictly point-based and lines and planes are thought of as made up of points. In counterspace the polar opposite approach is adopted, namely that the fundamental separation is between planes rather than points. However that separation is not an angle as it may become infinite. It is referred to by the author as turn. Dually the separaton of points is not distance but an angle-like quantity called shift that does not exceed two pi. The resulting geometry is polar-euclidean and many conventional formulae apply to it (such as the polar quanity corresponding to volume) if distance is replaced by turn and angle by shift.
->There are various ways of linking the two spaces together, and an object containing such linkages suffers strain, as when moved it generally cannot satisfy the invariants of both spaces at once. That results in stress which gives rise to force. Gravity may be described as such a stress, and when that is analysed Newton's Law is obtained. In gases the stresses give the ideal gas law. For light a bivector is the linkage tensor, which plays the role of a photon, while for life the linkage tensor is postulated to be a spinor.
->An organism is such because from a counterspace view it is inside every one of its cells, and hence its synergy. This illustrates how fundamentally different counterspace is from space.
->See [[1]] for a pictorial exposition and references.
Nick Thomas
More to follow
------------------
WHAT IS COUNTER SPACE?
Counter space is the space in which subtle forces work, such as those of life, which are not amenable to ordinary measurement. It is the polar opposite of Euclidean space. It was discovered by the observations of Rudolf Steiner and described geometrically by George Adams and, independently, by Louis Locher-Ernst. Instead of having its ideal elements in a plane at infinity it has them in a "POINT at infinity". They are lines and planes, rather than lines and points as in ordinary space. We call this point the counter space infinity, so that a plane incident with it is said to be an ideal plane or plane at infinity in counter space. It only appears thus for a different kind of consciousness, namely a peripheral one which experiences such a point as an infinite inwardness in contrast to our normal consciousness which experiences an infinite outwardness.
Nick Thomas has explored the idea that objects existing in both spaces at once are subject to strain and stress, and an analysis of these leads to new approaches to gravity and other forces as summarised in the diagram below. The pentagons are 'hot spots' to explore further.
A linkage is an element that belongs to both Euclidean- and counter-space at once e.g. a point or plane. Suppose a cube is linked to both spaces at once, and is moved upwards away from the inner infinitude. It will try to obey the metrics of both spaces, and the diagram below shows what happens as it moves, the yellow version obeying space and staying the same size and shape in space, while the magenta version obeys the counter space metric.
1. Objects may be linked to both spaces at once,
2. When they are, strain arises when they move as the metrics are conflicting,
3. Stress arises as a result of the strain.
Note well that stress is not a geometric concept, and we move from geometry to physics when we consider stress. The major stress-free movement or transformation is rotation about an axis through the counter space infinity, which may explain the ubiquitous appearance and importance of rotation in most branches of physics e.g. in fluid flow.
This, and all else in the pages concerned with counter space, is explained in more detail in Science Between Space and Counterspace (Reference 11). Some algebraic details are given in the subordinate algebraic page.