The Monadology

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The Monadology


by
Gottfried Wilhelm LEIBNIZ
English translation by Robert Latta, 1898.

1. The Monad, of which we shall here speak, is nothing but a simple substance, which enters into compounds. By ‘simple’ is meant ‘without parts’. (Theod. 10.) 
2. And there must be simple substances, since there are compounds; for a compound is nothing but a collection or aggregatum of simple things. 
3. Now where there are no parts, there can be neither extension nor form [figure] nor divisibility. These Monads are the real atoms of nature and, in a word, the elements of things. 
4. No dissolution of these elements need be feared, and there is no conceivable way in which a simple substance can be destroyed by natural means. (Theod. 89.) 
5. For the same reason there is no conceivable way in which a simple substance can come into being by natural means, since it cannot be formed by the combination of parts [composition]. 
6. Thus it may be said that a Monad can only come into being or come to an end all at once; that is to say, it can come into being only by creation and come to an end only by annihilation, while that which is compound comes into being or comes to an end by parts. 

6:12 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
Introduction to the Mystical Use of Classical Persian Poems Routledge Sufi Series

LOUIS MASSIGNON'S NOTES ON Kitab al Tawasin

5:38 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT

Translation : R. A. Butler
Introduction

Abu al Mughith al- Husain ibn Mansūr al Hallaj, the celebrated Sufi of the fourth/tenth century, was also a great intellectual of his time. He compiled his sweeping views, deep thoughts, and pene­trating intuitions in the Kitab al-Tawasin. Louis Massignon, the famous French orientalist, edited it from two manuscripts, added his own precious references, explanations, and footnotes; and published it from Paris in 1913. A number of points and gross misunderstandings about Hallaj are clarified by the text of the Kitab al Tawasin, as well as by the researches conducted by Louis Massignon leading to his editorial notes and explanations. The Academy appro­ached Father R. A. Butler to translate those notes and explanations from French. The Arabic text of the Kitab al Tawasin is spread over from p. 9 to p. 78 of the publication.

Mansur al-Hallaj: Sayings

5:29 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT

ana'l -Haqq - I am the Truth.
(this is the saying which apparently earned al-Hallaj his martyrdom - al Haqq also means God)

You know and are not known; You see and are not seen.
(Akhbar al-Hallaj 44, 1.4)

Your Spirit mixed with my Spirit little by little, by turns, through reunions and abandons.
And now I am Yourself, Your existence is my own, and it is also my will.
(Diwan al-Hallaj)

I find it strange that the divine whole can be borne by my little human part,
Yet due to my little part's burden, the earth cannot sustain me.
(Akhbar al-Hallaj, 11)

I have seen my Lord with the eye of my heart, and I said: "Who are You?" He said:"You."
(Diwan al-Hallaj, M. 10)

I do not cease swimming in the seas of love, rising with the wave, then descending; now the wave sustains me, and then I sink beneath it; love bears me away where there is no longer any shore.
(Diwan al-Hallaj, M. 34)

DOCTRINE OF AL-HUSAYN IBN MANSUR AL-HALLAJ

5:28 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
FROM THE
CHAPTER ON THE EXPOSITION OF THE BELIEFS OF
THIS FOLD [THE SUFIS] ON QUESTIONS OF DOCTRINE
(Faslun fî bayân i‘tiqâd hâdhihi al-tâ’ifa fî masâ’il al-usûl)
FROM
AL-QUSHAYRI’S RISALA ILA AL-SUFIYYA
TRANSLATED WITH NOTES BY DR. G.F. HADDAD

[The numbering in brackets corresponds to our forthcoming translation of the paragraph chapters of al-Qushayri’s entire Chapter on Doctrine from the beginning of his Risala (Eds. ‘Abd al-Halim Mahmud and Mahmud ibn al-Sharif. Cairo: Rida Tawfiq ‘Afifi, 1974.)]


AL-HALLAJ is Abu Mughith al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallaj al-Baydawi al-Wasiti (d. 309) the ascetic, he hailed from Persia and was raised in Iraq. He first accompanied al-Junayd, al-Nuri and others then became known in 299. After accusations were raised to the ‘Abbasi Caliph al-Muqtadir Billah he was jailed on charges of heresy, then tortured to death in unspeakable fashion. Many if not most of the Ulema consider him one of the Friends (awliyâ’) of Allah, such as Ibn Khafif who visited him in jail, Abu al-Qasim al-Nasir Abadi, al-Qushayri, Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah, Ibn al-Hajj, Ibn ‘Aqil – who wrote Juz’ fi Nasr Karamat al-Hallaj (“Opuscule in Praise of al-Hallaj’s gifts”) –, Ibn Qudama, al-Tufi, Ibn al-Mulaqqin, al-Munawi, al-Sha‘rani, etc. Among his sayings: “Take care of your ego; if you do not make it busy, it shall make you busy” and “Whoever points to Him is an aspirant-Sufi whereas whoever points on His behalf is a Sufi.”

Mansur Al-Hallaj and Rumi

5:27 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
Al Halláj was a legendary Iranian Sufi master who lived in  between 858 - 922 AD.  Al Hallaj was one of the earliest Sufi masters, he lead his life as a dervish wanderer, he would often go into trans where he felt one with all the creation, existence, with God.

He once said "Ana al-haqq" ("I am the Truth"--i.e., God), something people at the time found offensive and could not understand, because of that. Al Hallaj was persecuted and found guilty of heresy. He found an unfortunate and brutal death (for further details please see Death of Al Hallaj). Al Hallaj before put to death said:
Now stands no more between Truth and me
Or reasoned demonstration,
Or proof of revelation;
Now, brightly blazing full, Truth's lumination
Each flickering, lesser light.

Al Hallaj inspired many subsequent Sufi mystics including Rumi. Here are two poems where Rumi talks about al Hallaj, following is al Hallaj's poem on God.

˜
The Sunrise Ruby

In the early morning hour,
just before dawn, lover and beloved wake
and take a drink of water.

She ask, "Do you love me or yourself more?
Really, tell the absolute truth."

He says, "There’s nothing left of me.
I’m like a ruby held up to the sunrise.
Is it still a stone, or a world
made of redness? It has no resistance
to sunlight."

This is how Hallaj said, I am God,
and told the truth!

The ruby and the sunrise are one.
Be courageous and discipline yourself.

Completely become hearing and ear,
and wear this sun-ruby as an earring.

Work. Keep digging your well.
Don’t think about getting off from work.
Water is there somewhere.

Submit to a daily practice.
Your loyalty to that
is a ring on the door.

Keep knocking, and the joy inside
will eventually open a window
and look out to see who’s there.

The Essential Rumi Coleman Barks

˜

Mansur Al-Hallaj

5:26 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
The Ta-Sin of the Prophetic Lamp

A lamp appeared from the Light of the Unseen. It appeared and returned, and it surpassed the other lamps. It was a ruling moon, manifesting itself radiantly among the other moons. It was a star whose astrological house is in the Empyrean. Allah named him ‘unlettered’ in view of the concentration of his aspiration, and also ‘consecrated’ because of the majesty of his blessing, and ‘Makkan’ because of his residence in His vicinity.
He expanded his breast, and raised his power, and lifted from his the burden ‘that had weighed down thy back,’ and He imposed his authority. As Allah made his Badr appear so his full moon rose from the cloud of Yamãma and his sun arose on the side of Tihãma (Makka), and his lamp shone from the source of all divine munifence.
He did not report about anything except according to his inner vision, and he did not order the following of his example except according to the truth of his conduct. He was in the presence of Allah, then he brought others to His Presence. He saw, then he related what he was. He was sent forth as a guide, so he defined the limits of conduct.
No one is capable of discerning his true significance, except the Sincere, since he confirmed its validity, and then accompanied him so that there would not remain any disparity between them.
No gnostic ever knew him who was not ignorant of his true quality. His quality is made clear only to those to whom Allah undertakes to disclose it. ‘Those to whom We have given the Book, and they recognize their sons, even though a party of them conceal the truth, and that wittingly.’ (2.46)
The lights of prophecy issued from his light, and his light appeared from the light of Mystery. Among the lights there is none more luminous, more manifest or more uncreate-than-uncreatedness than the light of the Master of Generousity.
His aspiration preceded all other aspirations, his existence preceded non-existence, his name preceded the Pen because it existed before.

20 Great Places to Publish Personal Essays

10:06 AM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT

I frequently receive e-mails from people looking for places to publish their personal essays. Fiction and nonfiction writers alike all have a great story about the time Aunt Harriet came for dinner and left on the back of a horse, or the time the cat disappeared and returned six years later, or the time they had an epiphany about the meaning of life while walking through the woods at dusk. But where can you submit that funny, poignant, life-changing essay that’s gathering virtual dust in a folder on your computer? Who will publish it? And who will pay? Here are 20 newspapers, magazines, literary journals, and anthologies to help you begin your search:
1. New York Times Modern Love—Start by reading a lot of Modern Love columns to get an idea of what they’re looking for. You may even want to buy this Modern Love collection. Don’t miss the Media Bistro article on how to turn your Modern Love column into a book, and be sure to visit the Modern Love Facebook Page for submission tips from the editor, Daniel Jones.
2. New York Times Lives—TheNew York Times Magazine Lives column is another great place to get published. The best way to submit to any large publication is to have someone put you in touch with the editor of the column. The rest of us can e-mail our essays to the Lives section at lives (at) nytimes (dot) com.
3. Newsweek My Turn—Start by reading “How To Get a My Turn Essay Published in Newsweek Magazine.” Then read some of the past essays that have been published to get a good idea of what they are looking for and what’s already been done. UPDATE: Submit My Turn essays to editorial (at) thedailybeast (dot) com.
4. Christian Science Monitor Home Forum—The Christian Science Monitor is a highly respected international newspaper and is not religious-based. It’s Home Forum page includes a personal essay that can run from 400 to 800 words. After you read the Monitor’s contributor guidelines, check out this article for advice on how to beat the odds of getting your essay published.
5. The Sun—A monthly magazine, The Sun pays from $300 to $2,000 for essays and interviews. They receive a thousand submissions (including fiction and poetry) for every issue, so don’t be surprised if you have to wait six months for a response.
6. The Smithsonian Magazine—The Last Page of The Smithsonian is a humor column running 500 to 650 words and pays $1000. For more information, read the submission guidelines.
7. Salon—From what I’ve read, the pay is low for Salon essays ($150?), but it’s better than nothing and a great way to get exposure. Check out this list, and then click around the different departments (Life, Sex, Poetry, etc.) to see what they’re publishing. Finally, see theirsubmission guidelines, which aren’t all that helpful.
8. Slate—Slate publishes some essays, but I was so distracted by their targeted banner ads (Camping gear! Children’s outdoor play equipment!) that I gave up on my search before I got very far.
9. The Rumpus—An online culture magazine, The Rumpus “[tries] to maintain high standards even though we don’t have any money and can’t pay for writing.” For details on submitting essays or book reviews, see their writer’s guidelines.
10. 7×7—Another West Coast publication, 7×7 has an Urban Ledger column for which readers can pitch their personal essays. They pay $1 a word, and their essays run about 1000 words. For more information, contact the editorial department.
11. Skirt—An online women’s magazine, Skirt accepts submissions up to 1500 words, but—like most online publications—does not pay. For more info, read their contributor guidelines.
12. Granta—A British literary magazine, Granta publishes original memoir pieces between 3000 and 6000 words. They do not accept e-mail submissions. Read a few copies of the journal (you can find most journals at a library) and then read their guidelines.
13. Tin House—A literary journal, Tin House accepts essays as well as poetry and fiction from Sept. 1 to May 31. The suggested deadline for their Spring 2012 issue, themed Weird Science, is Oct. 1. The real deadline is Nov. 1. Click here for submission guidelines.
14. Zyzzyva—You have to live on the West Coast to publish in Zyzzyva, but it’s another literary journal that accepts personal essays. The best way to learn what any publication is looking for is to read several issues of that publication, and Zyzzyva is no exception. Start by buying a copy. Then read the submission guidelines.
15. Traveler’s TalesTraveler’s Tales is currently accepting submissions in the women’s travel humor and travel humor categories. Visit their website for submission details. The deadline is TODAY (Sept. 21) for their Fifth Annual Solas Awards, so get it in fast if you have something ready. Otherwise, you can submit year-round and your submission will be held for the following competition.
16. Literary Mama—An online literary magazine “for the maternally inclined,” Literary Mamais looking for “revelation so stark that it hurts. Pathos can reveal, but so can humor and joy; superior craft (clarity, concrete details, strong narrative development); and ambiguity, complexity, depth, thoughtfulness, delicacy, humor, irreverence, lyricism, sincerity; the elegant and the raw.” View their submission guidelines for more info.
17. Brain, Child—The magazine for thinking mothers (as opposed to literary mamas), publishes essays between 800 and 4500 words, which are “the signature pieces of the magazine.” They pay “as much as we can, although our fees are still modest for now.” View their writers’ guidelines.
18. Chicken Soup for the Soul—It doesn’t seem like there’s anything left to publish in this series, but there is! There is! And here are the submission guidelines.
19. Seal Press Anthologies—Seal Press publishes books “By Women. For Women.” They aren’t currently accepting submissions, but check back periodically for upcoming books.
20. Adams Media books—Adams publishes nonfiction books, including some anthologies. Right now they’re taking parodies of Jane Austen writing for an anthology titled Bad Austen.
In addition to those listed above, there is a plethora of other literary journals that publish personal essays. NewPages.com provides an extensive list with descriptions. Writer’s Digest also has a great article called Tips to Help You Publish Your Personal Essays. They also publish the trusted Writer’s Market directory, which you can access online.


The last couple of weeks have been very productive and I am starting to feel more comfortable writing queries and making submissions to magazines.  Not so comfortable that I don’t want my resource books near for guidance, but more comfortable none the less.  I’ve been submitting personal essays and poetry.  Made a couple of mistakes, but I’m learning still.
One mistake was easily remedied with a quick phone call.  Not a major mistake, but accidentally left the SASE out of a submission.  Luckily just wasted one stamp.  Found out just needed to reprint my submission, pop it in an envelope with the SASE, and mail everything out again.  The other mistake was one of those lost in electronic translation ones.  A place I was submitting to needed the file in .rtf instead of .doc.  I submitted it after reviewing it looked right on my end, but found out upon opening it after it was sent that the spacing in a couple of places was off.
Thought I would share a few resources with you I’ve found useful as I’m learning about personal essays and narratives.  I’ve found I really enjoy this kind of writing and for me it flows so much more easily than fiction.  I found an article,Profitable Personal Essays by Dawn Goldsmith at Writers Weekly ezine, whichincludes a list of the authors five favorite places to submit personal essays.  Another useful article was Tips to Help You Publish Your Personal Essays at Writer’s Digest.  The site Writing to Heal, Writing to Grow has a great list ofPaying Markets for Personal Essays.
Quick Tips for Submissions :
  • Visit the actual magazine website to make sure it is still in existence and accepting submissions
  • It is preferable to become familiar with the magazine before attempting to submit to it; some will provide a sample issue for a fee and many have links to published works on their websites
  • Check if submissions are accepted year round or there is a specific submission period
  • Read and follow submission instructions closely, may accept via postal mail and/or electronic submissions
  • Remember to include SASE if requested
  • Check if accepts simultaneous submissions; if your work gets accepted by one magazine, then politely notify the other magazine
As I’ve been researching in books and online to find homes for some of my writing, I’ve been keeping a list of places to possibly make submissions.  May be a personal opinion, but I would also say to make sure the possible future home for some of your writing is a place you feel is compatible with your values prior to submitting your work.  Here’s my list of places to makes submissions to :
Do you have a favorite writing tip you’ve learned along the way?…
Do you have any publications to add to the list, or details/tips about any of those listed above?
Be Sociable, Share!

Operation Mockingbird

1:36 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT

Operation Mockingbird was a secret campaign by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to influence media. Begun in the 1950s, it was initially organized by Cord Meyer and Allen W. Dulles, it was later led by Frank Wisner after Dulles became the head of the CIA. The organization recruited leading American journalists into a network to help present the CIA's views, and funded some student and cultural organizations, and magazines as fronts. As it developed, it also worked to influence foreign media and political campaigns, in addition to activities by other operating units of the CIA.

Gurdjieff, Sufism & Mohammed

9:42 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
Journal The Gurdjieff

     Ever since Mr. Gurdjieff’s death, Sufis have claimed him as one of theirs. Either that or claimed that the teaching he brought is really Sufism in disguise. Parallels between Sufism and the ancient teaching of The Fourth Way can be pointed out, of course, certain of his dances, music and perhaps some practices. No one reading the first two series of his Legominism, All & Everything, could doubt his familiarity with and respect for Mohammed, Islam and Sufism. But does that make Gurdjieff a Sufi?

      Gurdjieff is a Christian. But not of contemporary vintage. He often made fun of contemporary Christianity. The Orthodox, he said, had retained at least something, but Roman Catholicism had degenerated entirely. He held that Jesus Christ was not the only divine messenger to the planet, which would of course exempt Gurdjieff’s adhering to the Nicene Creed. Still, in even a casual look at his life, his ‘Christianity’ is so obvious as to make one wonder why it would remain a question. Gurdjieff was baptized a Christian, educated by Russian Orthodox priests, and at his death services were conducted at his request in the Russian Orthodox Church in Paris by a Russian priest.


Gurdjieff’s Vision of Christianity


       Four months after finally succeeding in opening his Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man, he declared, “The program of the Institute, the power of the Institute, the aim of the Institute, the possibilities of the Institute can be expressed in a few words: the Institute can help one to be able to be a Christian.” [Emphasis added.] He went on to say, “Christianity says precisely this, to love all men. But this is impossible. At the same time it is quite true that it is necessary to love. First one must be able, only then can one love. Unfortunately, with time, modern Christians have adopted the second half, to love, and lost view of the first, the religion [of being able to do], which should have preceded it.”

      He then added, “Half the world is Christian, the other half has other religions. For me, sensible man, this makes no difference; they are the same as the Christian. Therefore it is possible to say that the whole world is Christian, the difference is only in name. And it has been Christian not only for one year but for thousands of years. There were Christians long before the advent of Christianity.” [Emphasis added.]

      This last statement accords with what P. D. Ouspensky reports Gurdjieff said in Russia some seven years before. When asked what is the origin of The Fourth Way, Gurdjieff said that to understand what is meant by the term Christianity one would have to “talk a great deal and to talk for a long time.” Then he declared: “But for the benefit of those who know already [that is, know what he means when he says ‘Christianity’] I will say that, if you like, this is esoteric Christianity.” [Emphasis original.]

      Later on, Ouspensky reports Gurdjieff saying:

It will seem strange to many people when I say that this prehistoric Egypt was Christian many thousands of years before the birth of Christ, that is to say, that its religion was composed of the same principles and ideas that constitute true Christianity…. The Christian church, the Christian form of worship, was not invented by the fathers of the church. It was all taken in a ready-made form from Egypt, only not from the Egypt we know but from one which we do not know. This Egypt was in the same place as the other but it existed much earlier.

      What isn’t commonly understood, though the clues are there in Search, Beelzebub’s Tales to His Grandson and Meetings with Remarkable Men, is that Gurdjieff discovered the teaching of The Fourth Way in Egypt and Ethiopia (Abyssinia). That was his first journey. His second was to rediscover, reassemble and reformulate elements of the original prehistoric teaching of Christianity—existing in Egypt before 3,000 b.c.e.—that over time had moved northward with Pythagoras and into Central Asia.

Bennett’s Bias

      One of the advocates for the notion that Gurdjieff’s teaching is based on Sufism is J. G. Bennett. In his Making a New World, an otherwise interesting study of Gurdjieff and his teaching, Bennett clearly overlooks the importance of Gurdjieff’s connection with Egypt while greatly emphasizing that of Central Asia. But he does write:

We know that the Eastern churches have admirable spiritual exercises, some of which Gurdjieff taught his own pupils. He refers to a journey to Abyssinia with Professor Skridlov. He stayed for three months in Abyssinia where he followed up indications he had found in Egypt of the importance of the Coptic tradition. At the end of his life, I more than once heard him speak of Abyssinia, even referring to it as his ‘second home,’ where he hoped to retire and finish his days. He also mentioned the special knowledge of Christian origins possessed by the Coptic Church that had been lost by the Orthodox and Catholic branches of Christianity.
      So, like a good bit of what has happened to the Work since Gurdjieff’s death, the Work has largely brought this confusion upon itself. The recent new edition of Ouspensky’s Search shows on the cover a Sufi in a turban. This is congruent with covers of Gurdjieff books which show either Arabic writing or Persian rugs. This denial of the origins of Gurdieff’s Fourth Way, intentional or otherwise, now with a historical clash between Judaeo-Christianity and Islam coming to the fore, must be righted if Gurdjieff and the teaching are not to suffer by association.

      Thus, with the understanding that Gurdjieff is a true Christian and that The Fourth Way is an ancient teaching rooted in prehistoric Egypt—and therefore, being the original source teaching for all subsequent teachings—let us look at Gurdjieff’s connection with Islam and Sufism.

       In The Herald of Coming Good Gurdjieff speaks of a brotherhood—a word he puts in quotations apparently to signify that it is something more than a brotherhood as commonly understood—which exists in the heart of Central Asia. Later he will refer to it as a “certain Dervish monastery” where he spent two years studying oriental hypnotism. Because, he says, “I foresaw certain possible changes in the conditions of ordinary life [there would be a world disaster, if the ‘wisdom’ of the East and the ‘energy’ of the West were not integrated and made harmonious—see Fritz Peters’ Boyhood with Gurdjieff and Gurdjieff Remembered] and decided therefore to confide my intentions to a ‘brotherhood’ with a view to securing in certain ways their future co-operation.” He mentions that long discussions followed concerning mutual obligations “which, on my side, were chiefly on the grounds of my future religious and moral actions, and, on their side, were on the grounds of guiding, in strict accordance with the means indicated by me, the inner world of people whom I would confide to them.”

      Gurdjieff is not going to the West as a disciple or student. He is directing them in how the students he will send will be taught—“in accordance with the means indicated by me.” In the translator’s note to Meetings with Remarkable Men, it states that “Gurdjieff was a master…an actual incarnation of knowledge.” (This is heartening, as Gurdjieff is often characterized as a “philosopher and mystic,” but unfortunately speaking of him as a master was not continued.)

      Certainly Gurdjieff was well acquainted with Islam and the Sufis. After his sojourn in Egypt he adopted a disguise and traveled to Mecca, and later he and Professor Skridlov disguised themselves as a direct descendant of Mohammed, a Seïd, and as a Persian dervish, respectively, in order to explore Kafiristan (if Gurdjieff had indeed become a Sufi, why the disguise?). Gurdjieff certainly holds dervishes in high regard, for he writes in the First Series: “By the destruction of this ‘dervishism’ those last dying sparks will also be entirely extinguished there which, preserved as it were in the ashes, might sometime rekindle the hearth of those possibilities upon which Saint Mohammed counted.” He speaks in high terms of the founder of Islam calling him “the Sacred Individual Saint Mohammed” and of Islam as “the fourth great religion.” With time, however, the purity of the religion was diluted by mixing into it “something from the fantastic theory of the Babylonian dualists” and “about the blessings of the notorious ‘paradise’ which as it were, existed ‘in the other world.’” He notes that Islam “from the very first split into two schools the ‘Sunnite’ and the ‘Shiite’” and that the “psychic hatred of each because of frequent clashes now transformed completely into an organic hate.” He warned: “Beings of certain European communities have during recent centuries greatly contributed by their incitement…in order that the animosity should increase should they ever unite, since if this was to happen, there might soon be an end there for those European communities.”

      If one brotherhood stands out above all others for Gurdjieff it is clearly the World Brotherhood. “Among the adepts of this monastery there were former Christians, Jews, Mohammedans, Buddhists, Lamaists, and even one Shamanist. All were united by God the Truth.”

      This World Brotherhood is Gurdjieff’s Brotherhood.

Notes


Orthodox had retained at least something. J. G. Bennett, Idiots in Paris (York Beach, Me.: Samuel Weiser, 1991), p. 52.
The program of the Institute. G. I. Gurdjieff, Views from the Real World (London: Arkana, 1984), p. 152.
Christians long before the advent of Christianity. Gurdjieff, p. 153.
This is esoteric Christianity. P. D. Ouspensky, In Search of the Miraculous, p. 102.
Prehistoric Egypt was Christian many thousands of years before the birth of Christ. Ouspensky, p. 302. To follow Gurdjieff’s search in Egypt, see the video Gurdjieff in Egypt (Fairfax, Calif: Arete Communications, 1999).
Certain Dervish monastery. G. I. Gurdjieff, The Herald of Coming Good (Edmonds, Wash.: Sure Fire Press, 1988), pp. 59, 19.
I foresaw certain possible changes in the conditions of ordinary life. Gurdjieff, Herald, p. 59.
Gurdjieff was a master. G. I. Gurdjieff, Meetings with Remarkable Men (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1963), p. x.



First printed in The Gurdjieff Journal.

William Patrick Patterson is the author of seven books on The Fourth Way, the latest of which is “Spiritual Survival in a Radically Changing World-Time.”


Anonymous
Good article, William. I’m unsure – is some of it your own, or was all of it printed in the Gurdjieff journal?I’m also unsure that Sufis have claimed Gurdjieff as one of their own. I’m only aware of Idries Shah’s orpinion that Gurdjieff was trained by Sufis, but left his training too early, so that his system was flawed. Part of Shah’s mission, apparently, was to revitalise Gurdjieff’s teaching, which had become crystallised, as all teachings do after a while. He did take on some Gurdjeffians, though not all of them. His brother Omar probably also took some on.It’s interesting that G. considered himself an esoteric Christian, because this very label has been applied to Sufis even though they’re often thought of as Muslims; but Shah and other Sufis, including the Hindu Sufi teacher of Irina Tweedie, maintain that Sufism predated Islam by millenia, so in a way that ties in with Gurdjieff’s statement about Christianity predating Christ.Some Islamic “Sufis” these days seem to be pale imitations of the real Sufi greats such as Rumi and Ibn Arabi, who were Muslims, to be sure, but didn’t consider orthodox Islam to be essential, and indeed had disciples of other faiths, including Christians.I must say, Sufism has enhanced my understanding of Christianity, and isn’t at all incompatible with it.


Anonymous

The untitled comment is a sly, probably crypto-Idries Shah-Sufi, bit of disinformative innuendo. Mr. Cee casually expresses two “uncertainties” to evoke vague suspicions regarding the article. There’s no reason for the uncertainty about whether it was written by Mr. Patterson as, following the article title he is explicitly given as the author. Nor for raising doubt about the authorship because it was first printed elsewhere. Have Sufis claimed Gurdjieff as one of their own? The example of Idries Shah’s indirect claim is used as an opportunity to repeat Shah’s unsubstantiated negative evaluation of Gurdjieff’s Teaching. Shah went fishing in Gurdjieffian waters for the disaffected so he could turn them to his brand of Sufism. He even went to the extreme of writing, under a pen name, a book about Gurdjieff’s purported teachers to demonstrate the superiority of his own lineage. In Patterson’s video, Gurdjieff in Egypt, he demonstrates compelling parallels between Egyptian myth-history of creation and Gurdjieff’s account in The First Series. These complement what he reports Gurdjieff having told Ouspensky about the Teaching’s origins in prehistoric Egypt. I know of no such comparable demonstration regarding Sufism. As an example from my own direct experience, a disciple of a Sufi master living in Canada, told me his master had evidence of the Sufic origins of the enneagram, and that he would search his papers for it. It hasn’t turned up yet in over 10 years.


alan francis

Opinions vary and to put a label on Gurdjieff is formatory. That is why he scattered dust into peoples eyes. If you understand this and the true meaning of paradigm it is to keep the question open. To explore and continually suffer the unknown in the face of the pursuit of knowledge. That said, he did make some statements that should be addressed. Gurdjieff was a Master in many ways and this includes strategic positioning and part of that clearly took in the fact that the focus of his Work would take place in Christian countries and for example very little in China. Thus, as one example, it makes perfect sense to emphasize Christianity and deemphasize Taoism. The point is when you try to take something Gurdjieff says at face value you are grossly underestimating him. Yes, this may be esoteric Christianity from ancient Osirian Egypt, but for most people this means nothing. Or it may be esoteric Taoism from two princes who migrated from ancient Gobi to the Yellow River. As with professor Skridlov and Prince Lubovedsky the external curiosity must not obscure our true search within.The problem is no one wishes to hear qualified statements, the modern mind thrives on unequivocal answers, yes and or no. Ancient schools would put an advocate in the position of adversary and have them support opposing views in order to force people out of their crystalized positions. Of course this is not helpful with someone like Indries Shaw who knowingly falsified in Teachers of Gurdjieff and seems to have merely sought to feed an overweaning ego or was there something more to him? At the same time we search with this openess like a lamb we need to be able to make decisions and carry out actions in life, with our children, in our own Work. To be in question and not be paralyzed from action this is the great Koan of our Work. Live it.Have the courage to act without the need to be right, to be self-righteous.Think in different categories, think relatively, think on different levels – think.


Foot note tutoreal

5:22 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
We human are controlled by words and your decision is only as good as your information1. Most of the information we have is second hand and given to us like mathematical axiom. Math using some axiom is vulnerable to err if the axioms are not true. No matter how rigorous and beautiful as it seems, no mathematics can prove its own axiom . We have to rely on the axiom to be true without proof. Similarly we build our world starting with second hand  and often politico-religiously biased words and information resulting in bad decisions and dissatisfaction which make us shun away from finding the question that is really important. All ideologies ate toxic and not helping much. If you need other persons interpretation to see whats going on then u are becoming a victim of ideology that might have a flaw or hidden agenda. Because u are attached to that ideology u become blinded by the blind sopts (godels)2. Unless you find out and assess the validity of the information ttlhat was passed to you for yourself, where the information comes from, what was the original context, nothing will make any sense, and you will fall into prototypic "why bother, nothing is important. So just enjoy your life with football, alcohol, sex, drugs, rock n' roll."  As a matter of fact, nothing is hidden from you, everything is in front of your very eye. If one fool can see it, so does the other fools. All it takes is the sincere willingness to know by observing and thinking yourself and joining the pieces of puzzle that will show you the big picture. Its very convenient to pretend to be carefully oblivious so that no one can suspect that you are outwardly ignorent and thus avoiding the minor psychological inconvenience. Remember, there is a war going on between light and darkenss for your mind. So don't be gullible. Don't assume any information unequivocally from one agent or another without assessing it by your judgement and wisdom. 

Foot Notes:
1 Sample foot note 1
2 Sample foot note 2



Here reference 1 = <a href="http://clles.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/we-human-are-controlled-by-words-and.html#1" name="1"><sup>1</sup></a>
Put reference number at 3 places.

For this foot note put 1 in 3 places 
<a href="http://clles.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/we-human-are-controlled-by-words-and.html#1" name="1"><b>1 </b></a>Sample foot note 1</sup></a>


HTML Codes

4:40 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
<a href="#NUMBER" name="topNUMBER"><sup>NUMBER</sup></a> 

That's three replacements at the top, if you're counting. Code to place at the bottom of your post for multiple footnotes: You want to add in this line after your first footnote line as many times as you need it. 

<a name="NUMBER"><b>NUMBER </b></a>FOOTNOTE<a href="#topNUMBER"><sup>↩</sup></a> 

Again, replace the three instances of "NUMBER" with the number you're on.



<a href="#NUMBER" name="topNUMBER"><sup>NUMBER</sup></a> 
<a name="NUMBER"><b>NUMBER </b></a>FOOTNOTE<a href="#topNUMBER"><sup>↩</sup></a>

Aryans and Dravidians

2:24 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
Aryans and Dravidians - A controversial issue

The most basic division of the Indian society is of Aryans and Dravidians. According to this division, nearly 72% of Indians are Aryans and 28% are Dravidians. The north Indians are the descendants of Aryans and the south Indians are Dravidians. The languages spoken in five states of south India are considered Dravidian languages and most of the languages spoken in the north are considered Aryan languages. The general script of the Aryan languages is different from the general script of Dravidian languages. The Indians also distinguish themselves by the general north Indian accent and general south Indian accent.

According to general Indian legend, the Aryans arrived in north India somewhere from Iran and southern Russia at around 1500 BC. Before the Aryans, the Dravidian people resided in India. The Aryans disregarded the local cultures. They began conquering and taking control over regions in north India and at the same time pushed the local people southwards or towards the jungles and mountains in north India. According to this historical fact the general division of Indian society is made. North Indians are Aryans and south Indians are Dravidians. But this division isn’t proper because of many reasons.

Many Indians immigrated from one part of India to other parts of India and not all local people of north India were pushed southwards by the Aryans. Some stayed and served the Aryans and others moved to live in the forests and the jungles of north India. Before the arrival of the Aryans there were also other communities in India like Sino-Mongoloids and Austroloids. There were also other foreign immigrations and invaders who arrived in India, from time to time.

There are many that completely doubt that there was ever any Aryan invasion in India. This skepticism is based on the dating of the Aryan invasion of India and the fact that Hinduism and the caste system are believed to have been established as the result of the meetings between the intruding Aryans and original residents of India, the Dravidians.

The caste system is believed to have been established by the Aryans. The fair skinned Aryans who occupied parts of India established the caste system, which allowed only them to be the priests (Brahman), aristocracy (Kshatria) and the businessmen (Vaisia) of the society. Below them in hierarchy were the Sudras who consisted of two communities. One community was of the locals who were subdued by the Aryans and the other were the descendants of Aryans with locals. In Hindu religious stories there are many wars between the good Aryans and the dark skinned demons and devils. The different Gods also have dark skinned slaves. There are stories of demon women trying to seduce good Aryan men in deceptive ways. There were also marriages between Aryan heroes and demon women. Many believe that these incidences really occurred in which, the gods and the positive heroes were people of Aryan origin. And the demons, the devils and the dark skinned slaves were in fact the original residence of India whom the Aryans coined as monsters, devil, demons and slaves. Normally the date given to Aryan invasion is around 1500 BC. But according to Hinduism experts some of the events in Hinduism occurred much earlier. Some of the events like the great war in the Mahabharta epic is believed to have occurred (based on astronomical research) 7000 years ago.

According to this Hindu experts the word Aryan is a misinterpretation of the original Sanskrit word, Arya. Arya means pure or good in Sanskrit. In the holy Vedas the good people were called Arya. Some of the European scholars of Indian culture in the 19th century were Germans. These German scholars who found that Swastika was also a holy symbol among the Hindus distorted, the word Arya to Aryan.

Bengal is located in the North East portion of the Indian subcontinent, After the debacle in North West, the Indian Aborigines (Dravidian) moved south wards, though there is no definite evidence available to prove this, however the tradition followed by the Southerner of India, till date follow, the traditions of the people who once lived in Mohenjodaro. The Aryans were the people who were supposed to have come to India from the Central Asian plains. The Aryans mainly settled in the North Indian plains that is the Gangetic plains. Bengalis are definitely have the Aryans strains in them.

In the USA there are about 150,000 living across the country











John G. Bennett, Gurdjieff and Idries Shah

12:41 PM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
John G. Bennett and the Gurdjieff connection[edit]
In June 1962, a couple of years prior to the publication of The Sufis, Shah had also established contact with members of the movement that had formed around the mystical teachings of Gurdjieff and Ouspensky.[26][30] A press article had appeared,[nb 1] describing the author's visit to a secret monastery in Central Asia, where methods strikingly similar to Gurdjieff's methods were apparently being taught.[30] The otherwise unattested monastery had, it was implied, a representative in England.[5] One of Ouspensky's earliest pupils, Reggie Hoare, who had been part of the Gurdjieff work since 1924, made contact with Shah through that article. Hoare "attached special significance to what Shah had told him about the Enneagram symbol and said that Shah had revealed secrets about it that went far beyond what we had heard from Ouspensky."[31] Through Hoare, Shah was introduced to other Gurdjieffians, including John G. Bennett, a noted Gurdjieff student and founder of an "Institute for the Comparative Study of History, Philosophy and the Sciences" located at Coombe Springs, a 7-acre (28,000 m2) estate in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey.[31]
At that time, Bennett had already investigated the Sufi origins of many of Gurdjieff's teachings, based on both Gurdjieff's own numerous statements, and on travels Bennett himself made in the East where he met various Sufi Sheikhs.[32] He was convinced that Gurdjieff had adopted many of the ideas and techniques of the Sufis and that, for those who heard Gurdjieff's lectures in the early 1920s, "the Sufi origin of his teaching was unmistakable to anyone who had studied both."[32]

Astronomy degree granting Institutions

11:47 AM | BY ZeroDivide EDIT
This is a list of Astronomy degree granting Institutions. For more information please contact the specific institution of your choice. If you are a department chair and would like to make corrections, please email theAAS Education Department.
InstitutionDepartment ChairAddressUndergrad DegreesGraduate Degrees
University of AlabamaProf. Stan JonesDept. of Physics & Astronomy
206 Gallalee Hall
Box 870324
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324
Astronomy MinorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of ArizonaProf. Buell JannuziDept. of Astronomy
Steward Observatory N205
P.O. Box 210065
Tuscon, AZ 85721-0065
B.S. AstronomyPh.D. Astronomy
Arizona State UniversityProf. Kip HodgesSchool of Earth & Space Exploration
P.O. Box 871404
Tempe, AZ 85287-1404
B.S. Earth & Space Exploration, Exploration Systems DesignM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
Ball State UniversityProf. David OberDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Muncie, IN 47306
Astronomy minorEd.D. Physics w/Astronomy emphasis
Barnard CollegeProf. Laura KayDept. of Physics and Astronomy
3009 Broadway
New York, NY 10027
B.A. Astronomy, AstrophysicsM.A. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Boston UniversityProf. Tereasa BrainerdDept. of Astronomy
725 Commonwealth Ave.
Boston, MA 02215
Astronomy, Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Astronomy and PhysicsM.A. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of California, BerkeleyProf. Imke de PaterDept. of Astronomy
B20 Hearst Field Annex #3411
Berkeley, CA 94720-3411
Astrophysics major, minorM.A. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
University of California, Los AngelesProf. Ian McLeanDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Box 951547
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547
B.S. AstrophysicsPh.D. Astronomy
University of California, San DiegoProf. John GoodkindDept. of Physics
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093-0354
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy specializationM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
University of California, Santa BarbaraProf. Omer BlaesDept. of Physics
Broida Hall, Building 572
Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530
B.A. and B.S. PhysicsPh.D. Physics
University of California, Santa CruzProf. Sandra FaberDept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics
1156 High Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
B.S. Physics (Astrophysics)Ph.D. Astrophysics
California Institute of TechnologyProf. Thomas TombrelloDept. of Astronomy
105-24 Caltech
1201 E. California Blvd.
Pasadena, CA 91125
B.S. AstrophysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
Carnegie Mellon UniversityProf. Fred GilmanDept. of Physics
Wean Hall 7325
5000 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
B.S. Physics w/tracks in AstrophysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
Case Western Reserve UniversityProf. Chris MihosDept. of Astronomy
Sears 567
10900 Euclid Avenue
Cleveland, OH 44106-7215
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyPh.D. Astronomy
College of CharlestonProf. Narayanan KuthirummalDepartment of Physics and Astronomy
College of Charleston
Charleston, SC  29424-0001
B.S. Astrophysics, B.A. Astronomy, minor in AstronomyN/A
University of ChicagoProf. Michael TurnerDept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics
5640 S. Ellis Avenue
Chicago, IL 606037
B.A. Physics w/Astronomy specializationM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Colgate UniversityProf. Thomas BalonekDept. of Physics & Astronomy
13 Oak Drive
Hamilton, NY 13346-1398
B.A. Astronomy-Physics, AstrogeophysicsN/A
University of Colorado at BoulderProf. James GreenDept. of Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences
Campus Box 391
Boulder, CO 80309-0391
B.A. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences
Columbia UniversityProf. Frederik PaerelsDept. of Astronomy
Pupin Physics Lab
Room 1328, Mail Code 5246
550 West 120th Street
New York City, NY 10027
B.A. Astronomy and AstrophysicsM.A., MPhil., and Ph.D. Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cornell UniversityProf. Joseph VeverkaDept. of Astronomy
312 Space Sciences Bldg.
Ithaca, NY 14853-6801
Astronomy majorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Dartmouth CollegeProf. Walter E. LawrenceDept. of Physics & Astronomy
6127 Wilder Laboratory
Hanover, NH 03755-3528
Astronomy majorM.S. and Ph.D. Physics w/Astronomy specialization
University of DelawareProf. Edmund R. NowakDept. of Physics & Astronomy
217 Sharp Laboratory
Newark, DE 19716
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy emphasisM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of DenverProf. Davor BalzarDept. of Physics & Astronomy
2112 E. Wesley Ave.
Denver, CO 80208
B.S., B.A. Physics w/Astrophysics minorM.S. and Ph.D. Physics w/Astronomy specialization
University of FloridaProf. Stanley DermottDept. of Astronomy
211 Bryant Space Science Center
P.O. Box 112055
Gainesville, FL 32611-2055
Astronomy majorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Franklin and Marshall CollegeProf. Ken KrebsDept. of Physics and Astronomy
P.O. Box 3003
Lancaster, PA 17604-3003
B.A. Physics, AstrophysicsN/A
University of GeorgiaProf. Bill DennisDept. of Physics and Astronomy
The University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy major, B.S. PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
Georgia State UniversityProf. D. Michael CrenshawDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Science Annex, Suite 400
29 Peachtree Center Avenue
Atlanta, GA 30303
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationM.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentration and Ph.D. Astronomy
Grinnell CollegeProf. Paul Tjossem (Robert Cadmus Jr. for Astronomy)Dept. of Physics
Grinnell, IA 50112
B.A. Physics w/Astronomy emphasisN/A
Harvard UniversityProf. Avi LoebDept. of Astronomy
60 Garden Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Astrophysics majorPh.D. Astronomy & Astrophysics
Haverford CollegeProf. Steve BoughnDept. of Astronomy
Haverford College
Haverford PA 19041
B.A., B.S. Astronomy & AstrophysicsN/A
University of HawaiiProf. Jonathan WilliamsInstitute for Astronomy
2680 Woodlawn Drive
Honolulu, HI 96822-1897
Physics majorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of Hawaii at HiloProf. Philippe BinderDept. of Physics & Astronomy
200 West Kawili Street
Hilo, HI 96720-4091
Astronomy major Physics majorN/A
Howard UniversityProf. Demetrius VenableDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Room 105, Thirkield Hall
2355 6th. Street NW
Washington, DC 20059
Physics majorM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignProf. Charles GammieDept. of Astronomy
1002 West Green Street
Urbana, IL 61801
Astronomy majorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy (optionally w/concentration in Astrochemistry)
Indiana UniversityProf. John SalzerDept. of Astronomy
727 East 3rd Street
Swain West 319
Bloomington, IN 47405-7105
B.S. Astronomy and AstrophysicsM.A. and Ph.D. Astronomy, Ph.D. Astrophysics
International Relativistic Astrophysics Ph.D. (IRAP) Program ConsortiumProf. Remo RuffiniUniversity of Nice, Sophia-Antipolis
Parc Valrose
06108 Nice cedex 2
France
N/APh.D. Astrophysics
University of IowaProf. Thomas BoggessDept. of Physics & Astronomy
203 Van Allen Hall
Iowa City, IA 52242-1479
B.S. and B.A. AstronomyM.S. Astronomy and Ph.D. Physics
Iowa State UniversityProf. Eli RosenbergDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Ames, IA 50011-3160
Physics major w/Astronomy emphasisM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
Johns Hopkins UniversityProf. Jonathan BaggerDept. of Physics & Astronomy
3400 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21218
B.A. and B.S. PhysicsPh.D. Astronomy
University of KansasProf. Stephen SandersDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Malott Hall, Room 1082
1251 Wescoe Hall Drive
Lawrence, KS 66045-7582
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Physics w/Astronomy emphasis
Kansas State UniversityProf. Dean ZollmanDept. of Physics
116 Cardwell Hall
Manhattan, KS 66506-2601
B.A. and B.S. PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
University of KentuckyProf. Sumit R. DasDept. of Physics & Astronomy
505 Rose St.
Lexington, KY 40506-0055
B.A. and B.S. PhysicsPh.D. Physics
Louisiana State UniversityProf. Michael CherryDept. of Physics & Astronomy
202 Nicholson Hall
Tower Drive
Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationM.S. and Ph.D. Physics w/Astronomy concentration
University of LouisvilleProf. David N. BrownMoore Observatory
800 Old Zaring Road
Crestwood, KY 40014
B.A. and B.S. Physics
M.S. Physics, Ph.D. program with U of K
Lycoming CollegeProf. David FisherDept. of Astronomy & Physics
700 College Place
Williamsport, PA 17701
B.S. Astrophysics, B.S. Astronomy, B.S. Physics
N/A
University of MaineProf. David BatuskiDept. of Physics & Astronomy
5709 Bennett Hall
Orono, ME 04469
Astronomy Minor, B.A. and B.S. Physics
M.S. and Ph.D. Physics w/Astronomy Emphasis
University of MarylandProf. Stuart VogelDept. of Astronomy
College Park, MD 20742-2421
B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of Maryland Baltimore CountyProf. L. Michael Hayden
Department of Physics
1000 Hilltop Circle
Baltimore, MD 21250
B.S. Physics w/Minor in AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Applied Physics (Astrophysics)
University of Massachusetts, AmherstProf. Stephen E. SchneiderDept. of Astronomy
LGRT-B 619 E
710 N. Pleasant Street
Amherst, MA 01003-4525
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyProf. Thomas GreytakDept. of Physics
Building 6-113
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
B.S. Physics w/Astrophysics concentrationPh.D. Physics w/Astrophysics concentration
University of Michigan, Ann ArborProf. Joel BregmanDept. of Astronomy
830 Dennison Building
500 Church St.
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1090
Major or minor, Astronomy & Astrophysics; Interdisciplinary major or minor, AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michigan State UniversityProf. Wolfgang BauerDept. of Physics & Astronomy
East Lansing, MI 48824-2320
B.S. AstrophysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
Michigan Technological UniversityProf. Ravi PandeyDept. of Physics
1400 Townsend Drive
Houghton, MI 49931-1295
B.S. PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
University of MinnesotaProf. Robert D. GehrzDept. of Astronomy
116 Church Street, SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
B.A. AstrophysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
Minnesota State University, MankatoProf. Youwen XuDept. of Physics and Astronomy
141 Trafton Science Center N
Mankato, MN 56001
Astronomy minorM.S. Physics
Minnesota State University, MoorheadProf. Matthew CraigDept. of Physics and Astronomy
1104 7th Ave. South, Hagen Hall 307
Moorhead, MN 56563
B.S. Physics, B.S. Physics w/Emphasis in Astronomy, Astronomy minorN/A
University of Missouri at ColumbiaProf. H. R. ChandrasekharDept. of Physics & Astronomy
223 Physics Building UMC
Columbia, MO 65211
B.A. and B.S. PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
University of MontanaProf. Eijiro UchimotoDept. of Physics & Astronomy
32 Campus Drive #1080
Missoula, MT 59812
B.A. Physics w/Astronomy option and Astronomy minorN/A
Montana State UniversityProf. William HiscockDept. of Physics
264 EPS Building
P.O. Box 173840
Bozemon, MT 59717-3840
Physics majorM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
University of NebraskaProf. Daniel ClaesDept. of Physics & Astronomy
116 Brace Lab
Lincoln, NE 68588-0111
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy trackM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
University of New MexicoProf. Bernd BassalleckDept. of Physics & Astronomy
MSC07 4220
800 Yale Blvd.
Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
B.A. and B.S. AstrophysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechProf. Ken MinschwanerDept. of Physics
333 Workman Center
801 Leroy Place
Socorro, NM 87801
B.S. Physics w/Astrophysics optionPh.D. Astrophysics
New Mexico State UniversityProf. Jon HoltzmanDept. of Astronomy
Box 30001 / MSC 4500
Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001
Astronomy minorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of North CarolinaProf. Laurie McNeilDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Phillips Hall CB#3255
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255
B.A. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationM.S. and Ph.D. Physics with an Astrophysics track
Northwestern UniversityProf. Heidi SchellmanDept. of Physics & Astronomy
2145 Sheridan Road
Evanston, IL 60208-3112
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationPh.D. Astronomy
Ohio State UniversityProf. Bradley PetersonDept. of Astronomy
4055 McPherson Lab
140 W. 18th Avenue
Columbus, OH 43210-1173
B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Ohio UniversityProf. Joseph C. ShieldsDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Clippinger Lab 251B
Athens, OH 45701-2979
B.S. AstrophysicsM.A., M.S., and Ph.D. Physics w/Astrophysics concentration
University of OklahomaProf. Ryan DoezemaDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Norman, OK 73019-0225
B.S. Astrophysics and AstronomyPh.D. Astrophysics
Oklahoma State UniversityProf. James WickstedDept. of Physics
145 Physical Sciences
Stillwater, OK 74078-3072
B.S. PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
Penn State UniversityProf. Donald SchneiderDept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics
525 Davey Lab
University Park, PA 16802
B.S. Astronomy and AstrophysicsPh.D. Astrophysics
University of PennsylvaniaProf. Tom LubenskyDept. of Physics & Astronomy
209 S. 33rd Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
University of PittsburghProf. David TurnshekDept. of Physics & Astronomy
3941 O'Hara Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Physics w/Astronomy concentration
Pomona CollegeProf. Bryan PenpraseDept. of Physics & Astronomy
610 N. College Avenue
Claremont, CA 91711
B.A. Physics w/Astronomy optionN/A
Princeton UniversityProf. David SpergelDept. of Astrophysical Sciences
Peyton Hall-Ivy Lane
Princeton, NJ 08544-1001
Astrophysics majorPh.D. Astronomy
Purdue UniversityProf. Nicholas GiordanoDept. of Physics
525 Northwestern Ave.
West Lafayette, IN 47907
Astronomy minorM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteProf. Angel GarciaDept. of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy
110 8th Street
Troy, NY 12180-3590
B.S. Physics and minor in AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Physics, M.S. Astronomy
Rice UniversityProf. F. Barry DunningDept. of Physics & Astronomy
6100 S. Main
Houston, TX 77005-1892
B.A. Astronomy B.S. AstrophysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Astrophysics
University of RochesterProf. Nicholas P. BigelowDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Bausch and Lomb Hall
P.O. Box 270171
600 Wilson Boulevard
Rochester, NY 14627-0171
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Rochester Institute of TechnologyProf. Michael KotlarchykSchool of Physics & Astronomy
Rochester Institute of Technology
85 Lomb Memorial Drive
Rochester, NY 14623-5603
B.S. Physics w/Minor in AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D Astrophysics
Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyProf. Ron RansomeDept. of Physics & Astronomy
136 Frelinghuysen Road
Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019
Astrophysics majorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
San Diego State UniversityProf. Allen W. ShafterDept. of Astronomy
5500 Campanile Drive
San Diego, CA 92182-1221
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyM.S. Astronomy
San Francisco State UniversityProf. Susan LeaDept. of Physics and Astronomy
1600 Holloway Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94132
B.A. Physics w/concentration in Astronomy, B.S. Physics w/concentration in Astrophysics, minor in AstronomyM.S. Physics, M.S. Physics w/concentration in Astronomy
St. Cloud State UniversityProf. Kevin L. HaglinDept. of Physics & Astronomy
740 4th Avenue St. MS 324
St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498
B.S. PhysicsN/A
City College of San FranciscoProf. Lancelot KaoDept. of Astronomy
Science Hall 400
50 Phelan Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94112
A.A. and A.S. AstronomyN/A
Smith CollegeProf. James LowenthalDept. of Astronomy
Clark Science Center
Northampton, MA 01063
B.A. Astronomy or AstrophysicsN/A
Stanford UniversityProf. Patricia BurchatDept. of Physics
Varian Physics, Room 310
382 Via Pueblo Mall
Stanford, CA 94305-4060
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationPh.D. Physics
Stony Brook UniversityProf. Laszlo MihalyDept. of Physics & Astronomy
Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800
B.S. Astronomy, B.S. PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
Swarthmore CollegeProf. Michael BrownDept. of Physics & Astronomy
500 College Ave.
Swarthmore, PA 19081
B.A. Astronomy, AstrophysicsN/A
University of Texas at AustinDr. Daniel T. JaffeDept. of Astronomy
2515 Speedway, Mailstop C1400
Austin, TX 78712-1205
B.A. and B.S. AstronomyM.A. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Texas A&M UniversityProf. George WelchDept. of Physics & Astronomy
4242-TAMU
College Station, TX 77843-4242
B.S. PhysicsPh.D. Physics w/concentration in Astronomy
Texas Christian UniversityProf. William R. M. GrahamDept. of Physics and Astronomy
Box 298840 Fort Worth, TX 76129
B.S. Physics, Astronomy and PhysicsPh.D. Physics with Astrophysics Track
Texas Tech UniversityProf. Roger LichtiDept. of Physics
Science Building
Box 41051
Lubbock, TX 79409-1051
B.S. Physics w/Astrophysics concentrationM.S., Ph.D. Physics w/Astrophysics coursework & research
University of ToledoProf. Karen S. Bjorkman
2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 111
Toledo, OH 43606
B.A. Astronomy and B.S. Physics w/ Astrophysics ConcentrationM.S. Physics and Ph.D. Physics w/ Astrophysics Concentration
Tufts UniversityProf. William OliverDept. of Physics and Astronomy
Robinson Hall
Medford, MA 02155 USA
B.S. AstronomyM.S. and Ph.D. Physics, with concentrations in Astrophysics and Cosmology
Union CollegeProf. Michael VineyardDept. of Physics
Science & Engineering Center
Schenectady, NY 19308
Physics major Physics and Astronomy minorN/A
University of UtahProf. Carleton DeTarDept. of Physics and Astronomy
115 S 1400 E, Rm. 201
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0830
B.S, B.A. Physics with Astronomy MinorM.S Physics, Ph.D. Physics with Astronomy & Astrophysics Emphasis
Vanderbilt UniversityProf. Robert ScherrerDept. of Physics & Astronomy
1807 Station B
Nashville, TN 37235
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy and Astrophysics track Astronomy minorPh.D. Physics
Vassar CollegeProf. Debra ElmegreenDept. of Physics & Astronomy
124 Raymond Avenue
Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0539
B.A. AstronomyN/A
Villanova UniversityProf. George McCookDept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics
800 Lancaster Avenue
Villanova, PA 19085
B.S. Astronomy and AstrophysicsN/A
University of VirginiaProf. John HawleyDept. of Astronomy
P.O. Box 400325
Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325
B.A. Astronomy, B.A. Astronomy-PhysicsM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Virginia TechProf. Beate SchmittmannDept. of Physics
Robeson Hall
Blacksburg, VA 24061-0435
B.S. Physics w/Astronomy concentrationPh.D. Astrophysics
University of WashingtonProf. Scott AndersonDept. of Astronomy
Box 351580
Seattle, WA 98195-1580
Astronomy majorM.S. and Ph.D. Astronomy
Washington State UniversityProf. Matthew McCluskeyDept of Physics & Astronomy
PO Box 642814, Pullman, WA, 99164-2814
B.S. Physics with astrophysics option; astronomy minorM.S. and Ph.D. Physics
Washington University in St. LouisProf. Mark AlfordDept. of Physics
Campus Box 1105
One Brookings Drive
St. Louis, MO 63130-4899
A.B. and B.S. PhysicsM.A. and Ph.D. Physics
Wellesley CollegeProf. Kim. K. McLeodDept. of Astronomy
106 Central Street
Wellesley, MA 02481-8203
B.A. Astronomy, B.A. AstrophysicsN/A
Wesleyan UniversityProf. William HerbstDept. of Astronomy
Van Vleck Observatory
96 Foss Hill Drive
Middletown, CT 06459
Astronomy major, Physics & Astronomy double majorM.A. Astronomy
Whitman CollegeProf. Andrea K. DobsonDept. of Astronomy
345 Boyer Ave.
Walla Walla, WA 99362
B.A. Astronomy, Physics-Astronomy, Astronomy-GeologyN/A
Williams CollegeProf. Karen KwitterDept. of Astronomy
33 Lab Campus Drive
Williamstown, MA 01267
B.A. Astronomy (non-graduate school bound) B.A. AstrophysicsN/A
University of Wisconsin at MadisonProf. Eric WilcotsDept. of Astronomy
475 N. Charter Street
Madison, WI 53706
Astronomy-Physics majorPh.D. Astronomy
University of WyomingProf. Daniel DaleDept. of Physics & Astronomy
1000 E. University Ave.
Laramie, WY 82071
B.S. Astronomy & AstrophysicsPh.D. Physics
Yale UniversityProf. Jeffrey KenneyDept. of Astronomy
P.O. Box 208101
New Haven CT 06520-8101
B.A. Astronomy, B.S. Astronomy and PhysicsPh.D. Astronomy
Youngstown State UniversityProfessor Gregg SturrusDepartment of Physics and Astronomy
Youngstown State University
Youngstown, OH 44555-2001
Phone: 330-941-3616
Fax: 330-941-3121
B.S. Physics, B.S. Astronomy and Physics combined majorN/A